Introduction. In Their 1995 Book Tinkering Toward Utopia

Introduction In their 1995 book Tinkering Toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform, Tyack and Cuban explained that the idea of a â€Å"retarded† student began in the mid-nineteenth century. Such students were originally defined as those who were slow learners and unable to promote to the next age-appropriate grade alongside their peers. The concept of different children developing at different rates led to the formation of the IQ test. The categorization of students by their level of intelligence followed suit. By the early twentieth century, special schools were developed for retarded children to provide them with opportunities for intellectual growth equal to those of their peers. As the twentieth century wore on and racial†¦show more content†¦It revised, expanded, and consolidated the criteria for dozens of disorders. It replaced the term â€Å"mental retardation† with â€Å"intellectual disability† and provided diagnostic criteria and proced ural guidelines for dozens of such disorders. The definition it gives for intellectual disability is as follows: Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following three criteria must be met: A. Deficits in intellectual functions†¦confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing. B. Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and socio-cultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life†¦across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community. C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period. (p.33) In the context of education, the criteria for some intellectual disabilities, such as autism, vary from state to state. Federal guidelines do not require states to use the DSM-V to identify these disorders. Furthermore, understanding of the processes of identifying and coding intellectual disability is lackingShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

Smoking Facts - 2160 Words

Smoking in today’s world is much different then what it used to be. The thoughts of smoking have changed from good to bad. Many people believe that smoking is beneficial for their everyday lives while others want nothing to do with it. In this paper I will be discussing the: the history of smoking, the advantages/benefits of smoking, the disadvantages/risks of smoking, the components of cigarettes, and the regulations regarding the production and sale of cigarettes. â€Å"Tobacco is a plant that grows natively in North and South America. It is in the same family as the potato, pepper and the poisonous nightshade, a very deadly plant† (Randall, 1999, p. 1). American Indians used tobacco in many different ways, mainly for religious purposes†¦show more content†¦R. Reynolds also expands their brands buying Nabisco, who is famous for the popular cookie Oreo, and becoming RJR/Nabisco. In 1990 Ben and Jerry Ice Cream boycotts RJR/Nabisco and drops Oreos from its ice cream goods. Even though we are told the negative sides of tobacco many do not tell us if there are any advantages of smoking. The tobacco plant has more to offer then just a certain death. Tobacco may provide a different relief or prevention for some diseases in certain individuals. The most recognized health benefit of smoking is its ability to seemingly improve symptoms of mental illness, including anxiety and schizophrenia. People with these mental illnesses use smoking as a self-medicating kind of method. Several academic sources confirm that the risk of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease is unexpectedly superior in non-smokers than in smokers. The University of Melbourne established that tobacco itself is a strong appetite suppressant and many were using it to self-treat compulsive overeating disorders and obesity.†Cigarette smoking has also been linked to a decrease in risk of certain inflammatory disorders, since nicotine itself appears to be an anti-inflammatory agent† (Russo, 2011, p.1). Because of tobacco smoke being anti-inflammatory some beneficial effects come to children who are exposed to secondhand smoke. â€Å"Sweden observed two generations of Swedish children and found that theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Adidas Smoking Campaign1024 Words   |  5 PagesSajid Azad 01/31/13 English 102-942 Instructor: Valerie Fox Impossible is Nothing Adidas’s latest anti-smoking campaign features three cigarette butts layed out in a white background in the style of its logo, which includes their motto â€Å"impossible is nothing†. As one of the largest suppliers of athletic gear, Adidas looks to not only promote greater advantages in sports recreation, but also in good health. The communicator in the ad is the company Adidas, the primary audience would be smokersRead MoreKentuckys Youth and Teen Smoking1020 Words   |  5 Pagesrevenue from tobacco taxes to fund smoking cessation programs, and improve the quality of anti-smoking advertising campaigns. Teenagers normally function financially on a very fixed income, commonly working part time for minimum wage. With cigarette prices at $4.50 per pack a high school student can afford to smoke regularly, but when you double that price a student will think twice about the value of cigarettes. With the numerous health risks associated with smoking, buying cigarettes at any priceRead MoreShould Smokers Pay Health Taxes or No?1314 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Seattle Smoking is something that happens every day in our life. People can easily find someone smoking in some street corners, even in public places like train station, hospital, dormitory. It is not strange if you cross the road and see a mom who is enjoying her cigarette in front of her child. It is a kind of action that has become a part of our society and it accidentally makes people think that smoking is normal and it is just a habit and people do notRead MoreThe Real Cost1316 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Real Cost† According to â€Å"The Action of Smoking and Health,† every six seconds someone loses their life as a result of a tobacco related disease. It’s hard to realize how damaging cigarette smoking’s effect can be until you experience it first hand. It is almost certain that every one knows someone who is currently a smoker or was a smoker at some point in their life. For years smoking was the seen as the â€Å"cool† thing to do, it was how to â€Å"fit in.† There was no real emphasis placed on the dangersRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Smoking, the drug killer number one is everywhere at this time, even government and enough information, which we can get almost everywhere cannot stop some young people. What forces young people to smoke? Why they risk their health just for cigarettes. Is it the addiction what make them smoke, or it is a societal pressure, or it is something else ? The second important question is that, what is the major and minor effect of smoking. I have many experiences with smoking, because using of thisRead MoreMy Lifes Up And Downs And The Decisions1524 Words   |  7 Pagesmiddle and high school. The following years really struck me as a surprise when I entered my first college year and first set of assignments. Considering my standard â€Å"work-load† of finishing my homework at school was completely halted due to the mere fact that class lasted a lot longer but with no time to finish the homework assignment before leaving class yet even take a look at it. Everything was starting to g et restructured and my ‘norm was thrown out the window after a rough first semester. ThroughoutRead More Smoking and The Human Body Essay examples1467 Words   |  6 Pages Smoking is a bad habit which plagues the young, as well as the old. It is the largest source of preventable mortality in North America1. Not only does smoking lead to an early grave, but it can also influence ones daily life. Many studies have revealed links between smoking and reduced endurance capacity2. Nicotine, the addictive agent found in cigarettes, can also be used to control weight gain. Both of these factors can have considerable effect on the sporting world. There have been many studiesRead MoreTaking a Look at Smoking1682 Words   |  7 Pagesworldwide from smoking tobacco; in the United States about 480,000 people die per year (â€Å"General†). That is roughly 1,300 people a day losing their life to the most preventable cause of death in the world. The media will often cover the deaths of celebrities and individuals who die in unique accidents. However, they fail to mention the 1,300 smoking related deaths per day. Why arent these deaths announced when celebrity deaths are the headlines of the day? Teenagers who think smoking is a cool habitRead MoreTobacco Product Should Be Banned1413 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco Product should be banned According to World health organization –WHO (2014), tobacco keeps on killing 6,000,000 every year globally. Tobacco practice has been going on from ancient times. In ancient time, tobacco was used for smoking and chewing just as it today. But, now it’s time to stop this practice. Because today not only people are dying due to consumption of tobacco products, but also they are suffering from very serious diseases caused by it. Besides it is also carry great risk andRead MoreEffects Of Smoking Ban On Children1747 Words   |  7 Pages Smoking Ban Name: Institution: Course: Date: The number of people suffering from secondhand smoke in UK and US has increased tremendously over the years. A lot of money which could have been used to start projects that will spearhead growth of the economy is being directed to treat these diseases. Majority of the affected population are young children. However, research has indicated that the largest number of these children emanates from family where none of the parent is a smoker

Business Environment Efficiency and Productivity

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment Efficiency and Productivity. Answer: Introduction Rapid changes in the business environment have force companies to adopt advanced information technology for the purpose of improving the efficiency and productivity of the whole organization (Haines, 2007). This report focuses on the impact of information technology on the business of Telstra in media industry. Need of IT in Media Industry Telstra is considered as the leading telecommunication and media company of Australia. It offers different communication services in the telecommunication market. The company facilitates the customers to get connected with other people in a convenient manner. There is a need of introduction of a new technologies by the company in its products for the purpose of gaining competitive advantage over other players in the market. There is an occurrence of remarkable developments in the technology of communication (Bradberry, Greaves, 2009). There is an emergence of new technologies in the telecommunications such as use of satellites, compact discs, cable television, and other computer and digital technology. It has brought revolutionary changes in the media industry. By the use of advanced technology, people can share information with other people at distant place in microseconds. This helps them to make quick decisions. Information technology has facilitated in carrying out different business operations of media industry such as printing, video visuals, storage of large data and centralized publishing of the newspapers and magazines (Haines, 2007). With the help of information technology, the company provides an opportunity to its customers to choose from different cloud platforms provided by different providers across the globe and make decisions related to the choice of the best fit. Besides this, it also help customers to get connected with the company through its website. It help customers to communicate with the experts related to their field. In addition to this, there is a usage of Internet of Things by the company for the purpose of bringing transformation across all the industries which results in the improvement of the operational efficiency, customer experience and making of fast decisions by the users of the product (Essvale Corporation Limited, 2006). It has evolved as a machine to machine which results in enhancing the connectivity among large number of customers by the merging of two technologies i.e. cloud computing and big data. It facilitates in generation of the two way data traffic from a single platform by the use of multiple sensors (Ozlem, 2011). Importance of IT for a business Adoption of advanced information technology by the company helps employees to communicate with each other and share their views and opinions which in turn results in making decisions in an effective manner. Along with this, it also help the company to store large volume of data and information in an easy manner which can be accessed by the authorized people at any point to make better decisions. It helps in improving the operational efficiency of the organization as there is an occurrence of less errors in storing of the information due to the use of automated processes. It help business to reduce the overall cost of the organization and helps in attaining competitive advantage over its rivals in the industry (In, 2013). Requirements for the application of the IT in the business For the application of IT in the business, there is a need to provide training to the employees regarding the skills that are required to perform different operations of the business using the IT. There is a need of upgrading the skills and attitudes of the employees aligned with the needs and requirements of IT in the business. Besides this, in order to implement information technology in the firm there is a need to install the equipments in the organization on which there is an incurrence of the installation cost by the company (Gouge, 2006). In order to implement the advanced technology in Telstra, the company has organized different training programs in order to upgrade the skills of their employees so that they can easily perform different tasks by the help of the technology being implemented in the organization. It is required by the organization to provide information related to different technologies that are being implemented in the organization to its employees so that they are familiar with the technology and perform their tasks in an effective manner. Along with this, there is a requirement to incur cost in the equipments and designing of the software by engaging the employees who will be the users of the technology in order to gather information related to different problems faced by them (Gouge, 2012). This facilitates in providing user friendly technology to the organization which results in increasing the productivity of employees of the organization. In order to implement the information technology in the business, there is a requirement of planning regarding the equipments required, employees such as programmers which interact with the users in order to understand their requirement and develop the software aligned with the needs and wants of the users (Tansey, 2003). The business also needs to consider that the equipments used by the business is supportive to the technology being adopted by Telstra. There might be a possibility that the information technology system is not installed in a proper manner. For this purpose, the company might install the information system at some processes and gradually installed it to the whole organization. It is essential for the organization to run a pilot test by creating prototypes and applied it to certain processes. This helps in effective and successful implementation of the information technology to the organization (Ozlem, 2011). Usage of IT by the business Telstra is considered as the single user of information technology in Australia. The company employed approximately large number of employees who uses different IT applications for the purpose of carrying out different day to day activities such as mainframe based systems, word processing, emails and spreadsheets. It has a largest Microsoft Mail site in the world. The company has integrated its systems, processes and networks by the use of Overall System Architecture. This system helps in providing highest quality customer services. Besides this, by the use of different IT systems, managers and employees of the organization access the relevant information required by them in a timely manner for the purpose of making appropriate decisions (Acton, 2012). In addition to this, the information technology architecture helps in aligning the systems with business processes. Besides this, the hardware platforms are compatible with the core applications. The company has implemented different It solutions customized to the needs of the individuals. In addition to this, electronic mail is sent to individual businesses and is not firm wide due to presence of differences in the email software and platform. In order to meet the demands of the customers, the company has used OSA which helps in tracking the changes taking place in the tastes and preferences of the customers by the way of receiving feedback from them in an electronic form (McComb, 2003). This helps in solving the queries of the customers in an effective manner to attain high level of customer satisfaction. In addition to this, the company has also provide a facility to its customers to order the products online which is convenient for the customers as they can compare different products offered by different providers and make a selection of the best product that helps in creating value for them (Born, (2012). Advantages of IT to a business Effective implementation of the advanced information technology in business helps in reducing the cost of the business as there is an elimination of the paper work. Besides this, there is a requirement of less number of employees as the processes of the business are automated. This result in the reduction in the labor cost and has a great impact on the overall cost of the business. Along with this, the operational efficiency of the employees have been increased which leads to an increase in their productivity. In addition to this, Telstra has implemented standardized operating environment which has helped in providing effective and consistent corporate wide approach to IT (Botha, Bothma Geldenhuys, 2008). There is an increase in the cost savings, level of skills and effectiveness of the business of Telstra. Along with this, it also results in the reduction of the costs incurred to provide training to employees for the use of the IT in the business. Implementation of information technology systems in the business also helps in increasing the sharing of the information with different employees so that they can make effective decisions in the organization. Along with this, the standardization of the operating environment has also helped in integrating different networks in an easy and effective manner (Haes Wim, 2016). The company provides information and interacts with customers through electronic mails that helps in providing high level satisfaction of the customers. The use of information technology helps in providing relevant information regarding different products offered by the company and comparing it with other products offered by other companies in order to make effective decisions regarding the products to be purchased that creates value for the customer (Essvale Corporation Limited, 2006). It also helps in minimizing the occurrence of the errors due to recording of the information in an electronic form. It helps in building strong relations with customers and other stakeholders as the information has been shared with them through the use of information technology. Besides this, it also help in handling customer objections in a proper manner as the information is being sent and received in vey less time which results in increasing the performance and productivity of the employees of the organization (Corporation Essvale, 2011). Risks related to IT in a business There are several risks that are faced by the company due to usage of IT in the business. Customers are reluctant to provide personal information by the way of online mode as there is a possibility that the information is being shared by an unauthorized person. It is requisite for the business to keep confidentiality of the information provided by the customer intact. There is a requirement for the business to maintain the security of the system in tact so that the information shared by employees and customers of the organization is secured (Gingrich, 2003). There might be an occurrence of violations of regulatory and legal reforms. The brand is not being protected and piracy of the information is being done. There might be a possibility that the customers might receive fraudulent messages regarding the company due to the occurrence of unauthorized access to the information shared by the user. There might be a possibility that the critical information related to business is being lost. Besides this, there is also a possibility that different IT systems in the business is not being integrated properly due to which information cannot be shared among the employees in timely manner (Bradberry, Greaves, 2009). Maintenance and monitoring of IT in a business For the purpose of monitoring the performance of the IT systems, the IT department of the organization monitor the performance of different IT systems in a regular manner in order to provide secured IT environment in the organization. The performance of all the IT systems is regularly monitored by the IT department as majority of the work processes are dependent on the IT infrastructure of the company. Besides this, the IT systems are secured by generating password to all the systems so that the information stored on the system cannot be accessed by the unauthorized person. The performance of the systems are measured and compared with the standard and if any deviations are found out then the IT department take actions to prevent the deviations. This helps in increasing the productivity of the systems in the business (Targett, Grimshaw. Powell, 2013). Conclusion Nowadays, increased use of internet and information technology has resulted in the increased use and implementation of the information technology by the businesses. It has been concluded that implementation of the IT systems in the organization helps in reducing the overall cost of the organization as there is a need of skilled employees at low level and reduction in the use of paperwork in the organization. Besides this, it also results in sharing of the information among employees and customers in a proper manner. References Targett, D., Grimshaw, D. Powell, P. (2013). IT in Business: A Business Manager's Casebook. Routledge. Bradberry, T. Greaves, J. (2009). Emotional Intelligence 2.0. TalentSmart. Gingrich, G. (2003). Managing IT in Government, Business Communities. Idea Group Inc. Corporation Essvale. (2011). Business Knowledge for It in Global Investment Banking. Essvale Corporation Limited. Essvale Corporation Limited. (2006). Business Knowledge for IT in Investment Banking: A Complete Handbook for IT Professionals. Essvale Corporation Limited. Haes, D. Wim, S.V.G. (2016). Strategic IT Governance and Alignment in Business Settings. IGI Global. Botha, J., Bothma, C.H. Geldenhuys, P. (2008). Managing E-commerce in Business. Juta and Company Ltd. Born, M. (2012). User Guidance in Business Process Modelling. Logos Verlag Berlin. McComb, D. (2003). Semantics in Business Systems: The Savvy Manager's Guide. Morgan Kaufmann. Acton, Q.A. (2012). Issues in Business and Industrial Marketing: 2011 Edition: ScholarlyBrief. ScholarlyEditions. Ozlem, B. (2011). Impact of E-Business Technologies on Public and Private Organizations: Industry Comparisons and Perspectives: Industry Comparisons and Perspectives. IGI Global. Tansey, S.D. (2003). Business, Information Technology and Society. Psychology Press. Gouge, I. (2012). e-Management: The Impact of e-Business on Todays IT Manager. Springer Science Business Media. Gouge, I. (2006). Shaping the IT Organization The Impact of Outsourcing and the New Business Model. Springer Science Business Media. In, L. (2013). Trends in E-Business, E-Services, and E-Commerce: Impact of Technology on Goods, Services, and Business Transactions: Impact of Technology on Goods, Services, and Business Transactions. IGI Global. Haines, R.W. (2007). Align IT: Business Impact Through IT. John Wiley Sons.

Membrane Essays - Membrane Biology, Transport Phenomena, Diffusion

Membrane The membrane has a double lipid layer through which fat- soluble substances will move, by passive transport or diffusion. The molecules will only move through if they are small enough. There are globular protein regions, which are hydrophilic. These regions allow water and water soluble substances through, but only if they are small enough, for example starch grains are too big. These substances move through by passive transport or diffusion. Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration ( N.B., you don't need a membrane present, e.g. diffusion occurs in the air). In CONTRAST, diffusion of water across a semi- permeable membrane is called OSMOSIS. Active Transport Active transport requires energy from ATP, and involves carrier molecules studding the membranes. The carrier combines with the molecule on the outside, which requires ATP. It then moves across, (which also requires ATP), and returns. An example is glucose being transported by active transport by insulin. Why is it called the Fluid Mosaic Model? Fluid- it is called a fluid because proteins are said to wander through the membrane (hence fluid) Mosaic- it is a mosaic because it is a collection (or mosaic) of structures Model- because no matter how real the diagram looks, it is not real. Therefore, it is a model. SO you put all three bits together and you get.

Malcolm Xs essays

Malcolm X's essays Malcolm X's speech "The Ballot or The Bullet" was given out as a sermon. A lot of people who heard him speak would say otherwise though. He spoke as if he were right in the room beside you, addressing you in particular, even though there were hundreds, sometimes thousands, that would come to hear himspeak. According to the book; however, Malcolm X's speech did not fit to the true mode of a sermon. Malcolm X was was not a typical preacher, so his speeches could not really be interperted as sermons in the true literal form. In some ways, there are points that would go under the category of a sermon. But there are other points that would not be conisdered to fit the fromat of a The book gives out 5 specific parts of a definitive sermon. find quote There is 1) a disclaimer, which clears the preacher from taking responsibility for the sermon by saying it is from the mouth of God, 2) a theme, which is a statement about life as drawn out from specific Bible readings, 3) the literal body of the sermon, and 5) the closing statement, usually an open-ended conclusion leading to the next part of the church service, being the sermon for next week. Malcolm X's speech "The Ballot or The Bullet" does not follow The way Malcolm X delivered himself towards the end of his life lead me to believe that none of his later speeches could really be called a "true" sermon. Most of his material did not really focus on God, especially after his founding of the Black Nationalists. This point further discredits any of his speeches from being actual sremons. I personlaay think that these speeches are not sermons but inspirational talks that incite and motivate people more than inform them about God. God is a very important component of a sermon, and without that, a speech cannot really be recognized as a ...

Christmas Worksheets and Christmas printables

Christmas Worksheets and Christmas printables Christmas lessons and activities are great motivational techniques. Some of the best activities in an inclusional classroom include brainstorming activities. When you provide students with the opportunity to brainstorm, you are actually using differentiated instruction. Brainstorms work well for gifted learners, mainstream learners and disabled learners. Use the Printable Activity PDF or try some of the suggestions below. 1. How many different Christmas words can you think of? 2. How many different things can you put on a Christmas tree? 3. What realistic types of gifts do you want this year and why? 4. How many different things can you do on the Christmas holiday? 5. How many different foods can you think of for Christmas? 6. Why is Christmas special to you? 7. How many different Christmas songs can you think of? 8. How many words can you find using only the letters in the word Christmas? 9. List all your different memories of Christmas. 10. Think of all the different things that happen at your house at Christmas. (Types of decorations, visitors etc.) Brainstorms can be in writing or done in small or large groups in the classroom. All students have the chance to feel successful during brainstorm types of activities.

Why do you think science fiction is so popular today Essay

Why do you think science fiction is so popular today - Essay Example the modern world is attributable to the great scientific progress that has been made in recent years, the expansive nature of the genre, and a general unease with contemporary society and our collective futures. One of the major reasons science fiction is widely popular today is because of modern technological advances. The last two decades have witnessed an infusion of technology the rapid progression of which the world has never before experienced. In these regards, one considers the development of the Internet and digital technology as some of the prominent developments. In addition, cloning and stem cell research has also presented great potential for the genre. Ultimately, with the explosion of these technologies a corresponding desire to explore their extreme potentials in literature and entertainment has largely fueled the genre. Another prominent reason science fiction is extremely popular in the contemporary world is because of the expansive nature of the genre. Science fiction is unique among genres in that it is restricted only by the imagination of the writer. This is contrasted with genres such as film noir, westerns, or even romantic comedies that are subject to highly restrictive genre conventions that grow tired after a number of years. Conversely science fiction is constantly able to reinvent itself in accord with specific changes in technology and the cultural milieu. This ability to constantly explore the spectrum of human knowledge and experience allows the genre to stay highly relevant in the contemporary world. A final reason science fiction is widely popular is because of general unease with society and our collective futures. The current world has problems. Countries such as Italy and Greece are facing bankruptcy and the rest of Europe and the United States face a considerable recession. There are growing concerns with global warming, world hunger, and HIV. With this great amount of social unease the need for a dream-like and imaginary

Is Globalization a Challenge to or Confirmation of Realism In What Essay

Is Globalization a Challenge to or Confirmation of Realism In What Ways - Essay Example In this paper, globalization will be investigated as an IR topic with reference to the implications of realism. The main body of this paper begins with a conceptual description of both realism and globalization. Next is the section of discussion. In this section, four dimensions are considered for analyzing globalization as a pervasive IR process. In conclusion, it is reiterated that globalization is indeed a confirmation of realism since the core values of this international process are based on maximizing the national benefits in the long run in a cooperative way. Realism is a school of political philosophy and thought that establishes the concept of self seeking behavior where a number of international actors are involved. According to realists, a country always attempts to maximize the benefits it can draw when it comes to the matters like power struggle and conflict of interests (Yilmaz 2010). This is basically an amoral approach to international relations (IR) where ground realities around power politics are more important that the lofty ideals of ethical behavior (Russell 2000). While realism is a theoretical outlook on IR and world politics, globalization has emerged as a major worldwide process that is dynamic and evolving with the lapse of time. Lechner (2001, paragraph 1) has defined globalization in the following words: â€Å"Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a global consciousness, hence to the consolidation of world society.† Of late, scholars like Morgan (2013) have attempted to find correlations between realism and globalization with the help of triangulated research meaning that the need of conducting both quantitative and qualitative studies is to be emphasized. Furthermore, the basic core of the process of

Environmental Management Essay Example for Free

Environmental Management Essay The world climate is changing and the effects of global warming are being witnessed in various part of the world. Available researches points out human activities as the major case for climate change and global warming. United States is the world leading emitter for global warming pollution and its emission mainly being from green houses and burning of fossils. The country is now on the forefront in taking the appropriate steps to contain the situation and it have come out with a program known as cap trade program. The cap-trade program which is a market based approach utilizes the market forces to achieve environmental protection which are cost effective by giving business both direct and flexible incentive to find innovative way of pollution reduction. The policy has been implemented successively in several states and it is looking forward to be implemented at the national level. The world climate is changing and the evidence of global warming is unequivocal. According to the report of IPPC synthesis 2001 (Crowley, 2000), the increase in earth warmth is dated back in the years between 1900 and 1940 which later cooled down between 1941 and 1965. Information collected from millions of thermometer in the world since 1860 shows an increase in the average surface air measurement. These data which is believed to be the most accurate and useful in global climate description, shows 1998 as being the warmest year on record with 1990-2000 being the warmest decade. The global temperature has increased by approximately 0. 6 degrees since the start of 20th century with 0. 4 of this occurring during 1970s (McIntosh Roderick, 2006). As result of alteration in the world ecosystem which consists of the atmosphere, ecosphere and social sphere harmful gases have been released impacting negatively to our atmosphere. Scientists believe that the gases have led to global warming due to depletion of ozone layer. They attribute Human activities like deforestation and fossil combustion to increase of carbon dioxide emission while organic wastes and fossil fuel mining increases the release of methane which is affect negatively on ozone layer (Hardoy et al, 2001). Also Nitrogen fertilizers commonly used by farmers and release of refrigerant cfcs in factories increases nitrogen oxide and chlorofluorohydrocarbons gases respectively to the atmosphere (Hardoy et al, 2001). Over the years this gas has accumulated in the atmosphere bring adverse effect ranging from acid rains, climate change and depletion of the layer (Burroughs, 2001). Ozone layer is made up of ozone o3 molecules which three atoms of oxygen. It is located in the stratosphere portion of the atmosphere and it shields the harmful UV rays from the sun to reach the earth. Ozone layer depletion is the major cause of global warming and its effect such as Elevated temperature and weather extremes. Melting of ice as witnessed in the Polar Regions and flooding of major cities are clear indications of temperature elevations (Crowley, 2000). As human being competes to exhaust the precious resources around them they leave behind a serious environmental trauma which pauses danger not only to themselves but also to other living things (Hardoy et al, 2001). The environmental problems of the world today are much greater compared to last century when the damage was smaller. It is predicted that the situation will not reverse in near soon since the population is expanding and also the fact that human being have continued to stress for development without conservation of the environment (Broecker, 1995) In 2007 the panel consisting of the world leading scientist charged with the task of reviewing summarizing and validating the latest research concluded that the warming of the climate is clear. The panel attributed ninety percent of warming in the 50 s to green houses which are human creation. Other scientific reports have documented the specific impacts of warming including the melting down of the artic ice cap, shifting of the wildlife habitat, increased heat waves and wild fires. The United States of America is the global leading emitter of overall warming pollution. The emission is mainly through green houses and also burning of fossils. Their however not spared by the effects of the climate change as they experience glaciers, flooding of cities and intense storms in their backyard (Broecker, 1995) The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze climate change as one of the environmental issues and discuss the policy that united states have adopted in dealing with the issue. I wish to take the proactive side that indeed the climate change is being managed in the correct way in reducing its effects in the present and in the future. Important steps are being taken by various stakeholders in United States to contain the effects of climate change. In order to achieve reduction in large scale emissions as a necessary step to address climate change, there is need to adopt effective policies that stresses on shifting in the way the world uses and produces energy. Policy makers are treating the issue of climate change as an urgent one and are deploying currently available resources to reduce global warming pollution at all cost (Comiso, 2002) United States is now leading the way after years of inaction. The country now recognizes the need for effective environmental program for management of climate change which is perceived is a threat to environment and human beings in general. The climate policy which United States adopted is called cap-trade program. The plan requires the natural gas producers to purchase allowances for emissions from downstream gas consumers with less likelihood that the cost will be passed to consumers. Cap and trade program was designed in united states and also tested and proven by the Americans as a program within the clean air amendment of 1990. Its success as shown in the appendix 1, led to be crowned the green success story by the economist magazine. The program which is a market based approach utilizes the market forces to achieve environmental protection which are cost effective by giving business both direct and flexible incentive to find innovative way of pollution reduction. The policy has been implemented successively in several states Groups of states especially in the east and west coast are coming together to set up market place for electric facilities to buy and sell credits to release carbon dioxide among other gases which lead to global warming (NYT, 2002). In Chicago an emission trading allowance program have been launched which uses electricity utility in more than nine north eastern states. Western states on their side have teamed up with Canadian provinces to unveil yet another ambitious trading system which encompasses both industries and utilities . the plan aim at reducing greenhouse emissions by 15% within 12 years. Also a program to have a carbon trading market aiming to be running by 2010 is underway in Wisconsin, Illinois and other Midwestern states. I am optimistic that this program will go along way in reducing the emissions blamed for global warming and they will do so efficiently and less cheaply than regulatory program. New York merchantile first auction of emission allowance opened a new beginning in America response to change in climate, although reducing carbon dioxide is predicted to increase electric rates the cost will be lesser as compared to convectional regulation . to ensure protection of consumers. The program uses the cap and trade approach to realize proceeds that can be used to promote energy efficiency and conservation saving money for household (Houghton, 2004) Emission dealings began in 1990 and focused on reducing sulfur dioxide which causes the acid rain. The cap and trade program is preferred than the regulatory program since it is effective in cutting emissions quickly. In fact with the both McCain and Obama supporting the cap and trade program there is high likelihood of national trading program which will cover the whole country (Houghton, 2004). The problem related to this policy is that it will lead to fewer natural gas wells which may result to shortfall in production and over all reduction in supplies. High demand and low supply entails that prices will go high in order to meet the new climate goals. An eventual increase in consumer spending is likely and the price will also drive gas dependent industries abroad resulting to job losses (Hardoy, 2001) Conclusion The great scholars seem to agree that the world climate is changing and the earth is warmer than it was a century ago. Scientist attributes the global warming to human activities such as fossil burning and deforestation. An immediate step is required in the establishment of compulsory emission limits joined with a market based system that provide for a reduction in emission which is cost effective. Nevertheless to address the issue of climate change cannot succeed without involvement of united sates. The starting point is a program that will enable United States to substantially and permanently reduce their emission since they are the largest emitters of global warming pollution.There is need for quick enactment of energy policies which include more stern fuel efficiency regulations. Reference Broecker, W. C. (1995). The Glacial earth According to Wally. Eldigo Press, Columbia University, Palisades, New York Crowley, T. J. (2000). Origin of climate change over the past. UK: Cambridge University Press, Comiso, J. C. (2002). A rapidly declining permanent sea ice cover in the Arctic. London: Routledge press. New York Times (NYT) (2002, November 9). â€Å"Waters and dying lobsters and warming waters†. Times, 143, pp. 30-32 McIntosh Roderick (2006). Atmosphere, History, and Human Action. New York: Columbia University Press, Burroughs, W. J. (2001, November 9). â€Å"Climate change† The Journal for Comparative Change, New York Times, Vol. 36-118-134. Hardoy et al, (2001). Global warming: multidisciplinary climatic approach. London: Arnold press. Houghton, J. T. (2004, May 22). Global warming: the Complete Briefing, 89-456-458 U. K: Cambridge University Press.

Thoreau :: essays research papers

nry David Thoreau's outlook on education grew problematic because of a growing sense that it prevented learning rather then fostering it. He emphasized a deep respect for the local and concrete as the basis of all learning but education through experience was just as intrinsically valuable as schooling. You can't stop life once when you become a teacher you have to keep learning He spent the rest of his life learning and writing; the two were usually the same for him. The purpose of writing for Thoreau is, if he didn't write, he didn't exist. He would have no purpose in life. He embodied the notion of continuing education and lifelong learning. Thoreau was an advocate for continuing education more fundamentally in the sense that he knew that no system is sufficient or permanent, that to be responsively alive is to be a perpetual learner, always aware of both the possibilities and the limits of ones current knowledge. Thoreau remained a learner of how he learned, keeping in his journal a series of internal reflections. He believed that body and soul, self and society, emotion and intellect can be reconciled. He asserts a basic succession between the schoolroom and the street by moving the classroom outside, between the process of learning and experience. He believed that the teacher could learn with and from the student. On the positive side, he wanted to devote all his energies to his writing. But on the negative side, he had a deep, underlying suspicion of the whole activity of formal education. In his journal he writes about how horrible it is to teach when the student isn't experienced or ready for it. Education is never completed, it is always vibrantly alive to the present circumstances of life. While Thoreau sees this cycle as at the heart of the educational process, it is in the area of writing, that he writes with the greatest depth. He engaged in this learning activity daily, noting: "How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live!" Some progressive educators make the mistake of thinking it is enough to have experiences, just by memory somehow constitute thinking about it Thoreau believed that reading and thinking should not be locked away within the mind only. Henry David Thoreau viewed education as an ongoing process that is necessary to awaken us from abstractions and preconceptions in order to learn and see things in a new light.

Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Comparison Essay

Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were two of America’s finest Romantic writers. These two writers have stood the test of time and are read as much today if not more than they were in their own time. The major reason that both author’s were as popular as they are is because of the fact that they delved into the human mind to create their psychological literature. Edgar Allan Poe’s life spanned from eighteen nine until nineteen forty-nine, the years that were the beginning of the Romantic Movement. Poe was considered an educated man for his time. He attended the University of Virginia and West Point. Since West Point is a military school, he no doubt studied psychology because one who would be a commander in the army would need to know about the way the enemy thinks. Poe did not use this knowledge as a military officer, but used it to create excellent psychological terror in literature. During a time when the arts focused on the supernatural, Poe looked to the character’s own mind to provide terror. The narrator of The Tell-Tale Heart is so terrified by his guilt that he reveals the murder he has committed to the authorities, as does the narrator of The Black Cat. In the famous short story The Cask of Amontillado, the reader experienced the terror of one’s condemnation to be walled up in a small cellar room to die and to have the time to think about what is to happen in total darkness and isolation. The Fall of the House of Usher also leaves the narrator completely terrified, not because of his safety, but because of the information that his mind must process and the knowledge that he may begin to suffer from the same madness that Roderick Usher is doomed to endure. Nathaniel Hawthorne was also an expert in delving into the deepest regions of a character’s mind. The Scarlet Letter, one of Hawthorne’s best works is about a woman who must wear a scarlet A because she is an adulterer. The town minister is the man who is also responsible for the sin. However, because he is a male and cannot get pregnant, the community does not know of his guilt. Instead he punishes himself much more than his female counterpart until the sin takes on a supernatural quality. It does so only through the guilt that he must endure. The Minister’s Black Veil is about another minister who physically punishes himself for a psychological sin that he has committed. This penance has bothered the congregation to the point that they isolate the minister. Again, it is their psychological fear and guilt that is their terror. Hawthorne, in his attempt to prove that all are sinners and that all wrestle with good and evil in their minds, proves his point in Young Goodman Brown. In this short story, a young man must decide whether to sell his soul to become a successful man or to remain free. The resolution of the story is that the horrid scene the young man had witness the night before was only a dream, yet he is not sure that it took place in his mind or if it was real. Reality and what one perceived as reality was something that Hawthorne was a master. Both Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne made use of the human mind as an instrument a person’s demise rather than actions. They understood the power of the human mind even though they did not know what we do today. They are shining examples of psychological literature as an instrument of terror and guilt. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Minister’s Black Veil. 1836 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Pocket. 2004. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Black Cat. 1843. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Cask of Amontillado. 1846 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Fall of the House of Usher. 1839 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Tell-Tale Heart. 1843

Prioritizing Projects at Dd Williamson

Introduction Case Analysis D. D. Williamson created a list of 78 projects which needed to be prioritized, organized, and selected. The company used a four step method to rate each project: 1) Establish criteria for prioritizing projects. 2) Weigh each criterion. 3) Refine the list of projects. 4) Rate each project on each criterion and total ratings. To give team members control over the ranking of projects, each member was asked to write three different criteria on three Post-it Notes. These Post-it Notes were divided into similar item groups and each group was named. This process established the important criteria for selection. The criteria were used to determine how well each project would fit into the strategy of the company (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 35). To weigh each criteria group, the team members assigned each group a score. More important groups were given a score of 10, less important groups a score of 6 to 9, the least important groups a score of 5 or less. Criteria that were scored at 6 or higher were used to assess each project and criteria of 5 or lower were reserved for further ranking later in the process. Criteria are weighted in order to help place the projects in order of importance as they are aligned with the goals of the company (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 36). After the criteria were established and weighted, the list of projects was refined. Projects that were listed out as individual projects but were really one project happening concurrently in different locations were discovered and the list was changed to reflect this, reducing the number of projects on the list. There were also projects added to the list that had not been formally identified as projects earlier. The criteria helped to determine which projects could initially be considered projects and which projects could be removed from the list. The projects on the list were reviewed to discover which were considered most important and rank the rest. The projects considered most important were immediately placed on the top of the importance list, and the rest went through the scoring process to be ranked in order from most to least important. The projects were than rated according to the criteria that had been established earlier. Each project was rated to see how well it fit into each individual criterion, one at a time. All team members participated in the scoring, and agreement needed to be reached on how to score each project before scores were recorded. If project scoring required a lengthy decision, that was set aside for a different time so that team members could get through this process fairly quickly (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 36-37). This entire process was recorded into a spreadsheet. How the projects were ranked, how each project was scored on each criterion and the calculation of the weighted scores were all recorded on the spreadsheet. The team had prioritized 62 projects total throughout this process. Since the projects had already been ranked in order of importance, it would be easy for the team to hold a future meeting to assign resources and timelines to the projects at the top of the list (Kloppenborg, 2009. P. 44-45). The prioritization of the projects was a very important task for D. D. Williamson’s global operating team to complete. Although the task seems time consuming, it will save the team time in the long run because projects are rated in importance long before they are scheduled to begin. The weighting process allowed the team to discover where each project would fit into the SWOT analysis, and how each project would further the strategic objectives or otherwise benefit the company. The company uses a database to identify their potential projects. The database is used to keep track of daily work and project work. This tracking helps to highlight things that need to be improved during daily processes. The very large list of 62 potential projects gives the company a wide range of choices in selecting which projects to complete. This helps to ensure that the most important issues that need to be worked on will be addressed in the timeliest fashion (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 32-33). D. D. Williamson chooses to use a scoring model in project selection. This seems to be the most efficient way for the company to prioritize and select projects. Major problems arising with this process would be the potential for lengthy discussions revolving around project selection and prioritization. The rating process helps to eliminate much of the discussion, but there may be some sticking points where additional criteria will have to be used to decide on issues. Recommended Actions In addition to the continuing use of the database and prioritization and selection process, it is recommended that D. D. Williamson use the lower weighted criteria to help make decisions when a stalemate has been reached when discussing potential projects. The additional criteria can help team members to quickly address concerns about potential projects. If the potential projects are ranked well in the highly weighted criteria, the lower weighted criteria can be used to further break down the project and determine if it is a good fit. The last recommendation is creating mandatory criteria. In addition to moving the most highly scored projects to the top of the list, mandatory criteria can ensure that necessary projects are not overlooked. These mandatory criteria can include issues like government regulation, safety issues, and security issues (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 36). The mandatory criteria will fast-track projects that must be completed. Conclusion D. D. Williamson has a great project selection process in place. While many other companies use personal preference or whims to make project decisions, D. D. Williamson carefully considers which projects fit best into the company’s strategies and which will best help further the interests of the company. With a few minor additions to the process, D. D. Williamson can continue to make great project selections and maintain a competitive advantage in their market. References Kloppenborg, T. J. (2009). Contemporary project management (pp. 27-45). Mason: South- Western Cengage Learning.

Eva Peron essays

Eva Peron essays What is happening to our people is a drama, an authentic and extraordinary drama for the ownership of life... of happiness... of the pure and simple well-being that my people have been dreaming about since the beginning of history. The Evita that people worldwide cherish as the Argentinian sweetheart is a stronger woman than I had ever envisioned. From reading her personal message to the people, I saw a woman who knew so much and had the will of an army to achieve her virtuous goal. She was a leader of the people, the people who lacked the power and authority to speak out for their cause. And she had a love for her nations people, like a mothers undying love for her children. But more than all else, she had a devotion to her beliefs, exemplified through her husband, the man she loved. Her message serves so many purposes, but ultimately it was a goodbye to all her loved ones. She wanted to leave them in body only after her death, and never desert them in spirit. And she never shall. Her ideals, and the spark she invoked in her people will always exist. She tells of truths about the people against her. She talks of politicians and people who claim they work for the good of Argentine. She tells her people not to believe their lies, because they only think of themselves, and they do not care about the impoverished. Only Pern has the understanding that they need. Even though he has come from military backgrounds, he has broken free of the selfish upper class ways, and has seen what is going on in Argentine. What most people of power try not to see is what is the most important and prevalent problem. Eva also points out that this devotion to the descamisados means much more and suggests greater character coming from Peron. For Eva, it is easy to rally her beliefs behind the impoverished, because she is one of them, and understands them. So, she def ...

How to Write a Bio thats Targeted and Attention-Getting

How to Write a Bio thats Targeted and Attention-Getting You’ve probably heard multiple times that there’s no â€Å"one-size-fits-all† resume. But what about bios? Is there a one-size-fits-all bio? My answer is steadfastly, â€Å"No.† You need to understand how to write a bio thats targeted to each audience youre addressing, based on that audiences  focus, interests, and needs. I personally have an entire Word document devoted to copious versions of my bio. Each one is geared toward a specific audience. How to Write a Bio for Myself (Brenda Bernstein) The bio that goes along with my How to Make Resume Writing Fun webinar starts as follows: Brenda Bernstein, Certified Master Resume Writer (CMRW), Certified Executive Resume Master (CERM), and accomplished editor and LinkedIn trainer, believes that resume writing does NOT have to be a drag! Notice that the facts about me are resume specific, and I set up my audience to think this presentation will make resume writing more palatable. What if I’m doing a presentation about LinkedIn? Here’s how I craft that bio: Brenda Bernstein is the #1 Amazon-best-selling author of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, now in its 12th edition and recently released in full-color print. A compelling speaker, award-winning businesswoman and top-certified resume writer, Brenda has worked with hundreds of professionals and executives who understand the value of an effective LinkedIn profile. Not surprisingly, the LinkedIn-related bio contains evidence of my LinkedIn expertise and experience. Third, here’s the beginning of my bio, written for a Yale audience where I was giving back-to-back presentations on resume and LinkedIn profile writing: Brenda Bernstein, MC ’91[1], is the author of the #1 Best-Selling e-book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. Now owner and senior editor of The Essay Expert, recovering lawyer (NYU ’98), Certified Master Resume Writer, and sought-after LinkedIn trainer, Brenda began her editing â€Å"career† wordsmithing her friends’ articles for the Yale Daily News. As you can see, the audience and the topic inform what I emphasize in each bio. I literally write a new bio every time an organization or website asks me for one! How to Write a Bio for a Client (Tamira Johnelle) Recently, I was fortunate to have the opportunity to write two bios for Tamira Johnelle. You’ll find out more about this sparkling woman in a moment. For now, what I want to convey is the difference in the bios I wrote for her. The first was for a conference for women entrepreneurs. The second was for her website. As you read the bios, look for the emphasis of each and the clear differences, all of which stem from Tamira’s target audience. Women Entrepreneurs Conference Bio: Tamira Johnelle is turning her own weight loss story into one of the fastest-growing businesses of its kind. Her impressive accomplishment of going from size 18 to size 6 in 7 months, while eating dessert every day, is not her only claim to fame. Check out the growth of her following: from 1,639 followers to 11,550 followers in 4 weeks! She has created  a 16-week virtual course as well as a one-on-one coaching program for people struggling with their weight, giving them the blueprint to her success and helping them on their journey to weight  loss freedom. Tamira’s recipe collection of delicious, healthy main dishes and desserts, From a Size 18 to a Size 6 in 7 Months While Eating Dessert Daily, The MAIN DISH EDITION is selling like hotcakes. And people have responded amazingly well to her recipe videos on Facebook Live and Periscope. When you meet this no-nonsense, exuberant entrepreneur, you’ll understand why she is an inspiration to anyone wanting to enjoy both their food and their lives. Website Bio: Tamira Johnelle, who went from a size 18 to a size 6 in 7 months, is an inspiration to anyone who has been struggling with their weight for years and who feels like a failure because of it. Tamira grew up on the American junk food diet. As a girl, she would hide candy under the pillow, and wake up in the middle of the night to eat it. In the morning she woke up hungry for more. This cycle of unhealthy eating was consuming her life. As much as she tried to talk herself out of her patterns, she could not stop these overwhelmingly powerful cravings. This might sound familiar to you. As she grew older, Tamira wrestled with her weight, going on unrealistic diets she couldnt keep. Eat salads all day? Are you kidding? Tamira was not about to give up desserts forever- but she did want to be healthy and look great in a size 6 dress. She knew there must be a better way to get amazing and sustainable weight loss results. One important step was learning how to cook. Tamira is self-taught and in 7 years has come  up with a whole cookbook full of recipes that completely satisfy and that will stop your junk food cravings.  Here are just a few of the delicious items you’ll find in From a Size 18 to a Size 6 in 7 Months While Eating Dessert Daily, The MAIN DISH EDITION: Tasty, Satisfying Entrees: Slow Cooker BBQ Pulled Chicken, Salmon Cakes, Black Bean Avocado Quesadillas Desserts that Won’t Have You Thinking about Junk Food All Day: Turmeric-Lemon Kidney Bean Cake, Maple-Cayenne Cookies, Maple-Pineapple-Lime Sorbet But recipes will only get you 20% there. Tamira has developed an entire lifestyle that has helped her and others get and keep the weight off through positive affirmations, healthy meals, exercise and a host of other methods. She has created  a 16-week virtual course as well as a one-on-one coaching program for people struggling with their own weight, giving them the blueprint to her success and helping them on their journey to weight  loss freedom. [This bio is followed by four compelling success stories.] What do you notice about these bios? Do you see how Tamira’s entrepreneurial successes, which are highlighted in the conference bio, would be inappropriate on her website? They would turn people off. But the entrepreneurs want to know about this stuff because they want the same kind of success. And notice how her own longer story, the details of her recipes, and her clients’ weight loss successes, which are key to her persona on her website, take a back seat in a bio for an audience of entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs couldn’t care less about the client with lupus whose inflammation all but disappeared in two weeks. How to Write a Bio for Yourself! Do you have a bio at the ready to send out whenever you’re asked for one? If you do, take a moment before pressing â€Å"send† to make sure you’ve tailored the bio to your audience. There’s no one-size-fits-all bio! And if you need help with how to write a bio, The Essay Expert will be happy to help! Check out our bio writing packages. [1] Morse College, a residential college at Yale, and my graduating year (1991).

Comparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparing - Essay Example During those years, Donald performed well both in academe and social relations. In 1964 he graduated and pursued his college education in Fordham University. He then transferred to Wharton School of Finance at the University of Pennsylvania where he learned accounting and finance. Trump graduated with a degree in economics. While working with his father during the summer time, he also learned the principle of money making, mortgages and construction works. He then joined his father's company and became the president of it in 1975. He changed the company's name to Trump Organization. He built a billion-dollar empire with his name branded on it. These were the Trump Tower, Trump Plaza, Trump Plaza Hotel, and Casino, Trump's Castle, Trump Parc and Trump Place. Thus, his name Trump was synonymous with wealth, luxury and prestige. He loved to utilize attractive architectural designs that would earn high profit and win public recognition. He was well known as the entrepreneur who found, bought and turned around losing properties. Just like Trump himself I also would like to have an empire of my own, and I do try to work on my thoughts to bring them to realization. Aside from his great achievements during his early career life, he also experienced downfall times when the real state market went down.

Middle-aged and older people observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Middle-aged and older people observation - Essay Example It is well known that no two persons are alike and I have found the same in almost every body but the most significant and identifiable aspect what I found is that the people within a particular age group tend to behave in almost the same manner. This almost similar behavior might be due to similar socio economic background from which they come from. Some of the middle-aged people coming from somewhat rich background tend to behave in a more dignified manner even though they are older than the people who are from a poor background. With this observation what I really came to know is that older people who lead significantly decent life through ought their life have a deeper understanding towards their life and will try to act accordingly in public. On the other way round poor middle aged and older people do not try to behave accordingly in public and according to the situation. On older people there past life influences their present state of behavior a lot. I have observed six people who are all above fifty-eight years. The first person I have observed is an old man who has retired long back from Military Air force. He has receding hairline and is slender built but very active, red in color, very lively person and pretty intelligent, was very communicative, very popular among the people coming to the library. I was observing this person from almost a week and could gather most of the information related to by simply over hearing the discussion between their old friends in the public library. Since he was worki ng in Air force earlier he is quite informative and communicative too. He has three children and all are working but no one is yet married. Being slender built he is very energetic and his actions are not at all like an old man. He even helps his fellow old men in climbing stairs. He is very popular among women coming to the library. He discusses all issues going in his home and even enquires about others

Why do constructivists believe that identity matters Do you agree Essay

Why do constructivists believe that identity matters Do you agree Critically evaluate - Essay Example It is with this respect that Constructivism as a theory tries to explain how humans learn and construct their knowledge and understanding of their environment. Checkel (1998) found that knowledge acquisition is a continuous active process whereby learners tend to construct or develop ideas which are normally based on their previous and current knowledge. In order to make decisions, learners depend on cognitive structure to formulate hypothesis and come up with decisions based on the selected information. Klotz and Lynch (2007) described cognitive structure as a mental structure that gives a learner’s experience some organization and meaning. Although learners always come across new experiences, constructivists believe that an individual possesses internal power to give meaning to their new experiences (McGrew, 2011a). McGrew (2011b) further argues that the power resides only within an individual and not within the institution that surrounds them. Alexander Wendt’s theory of constructivism is based on the identity concept of an individual in the process of knowledge acquisition (Checkel, 1998). Identity being the core concept of Constructivism theory, Price and Reus-Smit (1998) defined it as an aspect that uniquely distinguishes an individual from the rest. An aspect that an individual tends to take pride in and which more or less cannot be changed. Checkel (1998) found that identity is influenced by the learner’s background and cultural origin, since people adapt what they come across in the society they are raised in. In this regard, society plays a major role in molding up an individual’s identity because learners build up knowledge based on their perspective of the experiences they encounter. Finnemore (2011) states that it is also necessary to put into account the cultural background of an individual in their process of learning since it helps in shaping out the knowledge that they create. Due to the diversity of cultures, individuals tend to

Rhenium Oxide (ReO3) and Highly Applied Pressure

Rhenium Oxide (ReO3) and Highly Applied Pressure Describe the symmetry characteristics of the ReO3 polymorphs and their relationship to applied pressure. Rhenium Oxide also known as ReO3 has been researched and looked into detail widely with the use of highly applied pressure. ReO3 is described as a non distorted structure at surrounding pressure levels. Accurate and precise measurements of the pressure-volume relationship crafted by Batloff showed that the transistion pressure was at a value of 5.0kbar and also presented that volume strain is related to (P-PC)2/3. Differences in volume strain was evidently great when comparing with other materials that went through the same process.The reason for this large difference was due to the buckling of the Re-O-Re bonds while ReO6 continued to be firm and strong. With the assumption that octahedral rotation is always as rigid units,stress on rotations that are small will be directly related to the square of the rotation angle, Ø that leads to Ø2. This in turn would allow the polymorph to transform into various phases. The curvature behaviour which was found by Razavi starts at low temp eratures with pressure level of 3kbar.M3 phonons being triply degenerate allows the surrounding temperature of ReO3 with a ambient pressure to have a Pm-3m symmetry. At this current stage it will undergo a transition to a structure that contains a Im-3 symmetry. When changed to a tetragonal form, it will be P4/mbm at 5.2kbar and cubic Im3 at 7.3kbar at increased levels of pressure. The Im3 structures were formed with the process known as condensation from one, two or three M3 phonons. With this transformation, the cubic structure will go through a rhombohedral phase with the symmetry structure of R-3c. The current R-3c will morph again to a rhombohedral phase. ReO6 being a octahedral undergoes a distortion at high pressure, giving a rotation angle of (P-PC) ÃŽ ² where ÃŽ ²=0.322(5) (ÃŽ ² describes the large critical region where the rotation angle is more than 14Â º) that is valid from pressure levels of 5.0 to 27.4kbar. Pressure measurements are mainly done to identify different h igh pressure formations of the ReO3 and the quantity of these formations. Particularly with the use of the time of flight Laue method, when the pressure formation reaches a value of 15 kbar, the structure deduced as a cubic Im3. Despite, the discovery there was a downturn which was the values tabulated was only at a single pressure point. Therefore the entire formation of the breakdown of the structured could not be figured out. Describe the metrical relationships between the polymorph unit cells and ReO6 octahedral tilting. Use the CIF files to create ATOMS drawings that support your analysis. The malformation of perovskite structures can be acquired with reference from the Pm3m structure by rotating the octahedral about the cubic axes. High tension and stress arrangements can be identified and elaborated with the aid of 23 various rotating arrangements that was discovered by Glazer. Respective symmetry groups for high stress transitions include the P4/mbm and Im3 where both groups are homogenous with the M3 phonon condensation. The element Re is fixed in the 8c position in the Im3 space group with only 2 thermal values whereas the oxygen atoms is found to be at the 24g position with 4 thermal values. With a increased in the loading added to the P4/mbm structure will create a deceasing strain that may deform the structure. P4/mbm being a 7 lattice point structure has a normal way of placing the positions of the elements found in ReO3. The Rhenium element is located in the 2b position while the oxygen atom would be fixated in the 4h and 2a position. In the presence of surro unding atmospheric pressure, the direct dependency of the oxygen atoms is fairly lower in the Im3 group than the one found in the Pm3m.In the Im3 unit cell for the ReO3, rotation was done around the coordinates of (111) for the eight sided compound. Evidently P4/mbm produces a nonzero seven sided pull that creates a positive and negative strain value. This rotation created the process of condensation that affected all three M3 phonons. Deformation in the eight sided ReO6 produces two different Re-O bond distances in the P4/mbm formation while there would only be a single Re-O bond found in the Im3 strucutres.Re-O bonds parallel with the c axis will remain in a pressed state when turned whereas Re-O bond that are normal to the c axis will not be in a pressed position but instead arranged in an order where there are gaps.However both formations include double O-O corners of the octahedron that is used to quantify any errors in ReO6.However the O-O distances found in the Im3 and P4/mbm are varied at a pressure value of 27.40kbar that leads to certain abnormalities but can be ignored as trivial. Explain the distortion of the ReO6 octahedra with pressure and quantify the ReO6 octahedral titlting. The deformation and the distortion of the ReO6 octahedron is usually found in the P4/mbm and Im3 structures. Starting with the P4/mbm, there are two symmetry Re-O bonds which are not equal in nature. With the process known as the powder neutron diffraction , the results obtained shows the in depth structural details of the transformation with the function of pressure and thus this confirms that at least 2 high pressure phases are present. When the ReO6 octahedra are rotated they are observed more with ease through the neutrons than the x rays. The method known as Rietveld method of the structural refinement with the high resolution powder data produces the single-crystal neutron diffraction study and this would allow the pressure dependence of the distortion to be measured with sufficient accuracy to state that the order parameter exponent ÃŽ ² where Ø is proportional to the (P-Pc) ÃŽ ² presents the pressure dependence of the rotation angle. This pressure based on the rotation ang le is illustrated well by the law of power in the formula Ø~(P-Pc) ÃŽ ².Ø against the pressure and the curve is plotted with this reference. The result from the exponent ÃŽ ² was obtained with the linear gradient of the slope of the lnØ against the ln(P-Pc) curve that produces the value of ÃŽ ²=0.322(5). Through the discrepancies Ø is always continuing with the stress value of 5 kbar despite the direction of the rotation axis that would vary from (100) to (111) during the change from P4/mbm to the Im3 phase (5.3kbar). With condensation of one, two or three M3 phonons would increase the phase transition from Pm3m to P4/mbm to I4/mm and lastly to the Im3 that have usually been seen in Nax WO3 during the M3 phonon condensation upon cooling. The parameter for the phase transition would be a three component order with the Ø as the magnitude of the rotation angle surrounding the direction of the rotation aixs. The transformation from Pm3m to any of the groups between the P4 /mbm, I4/mmm and Im3 would be the first order that would produce from the rotation around a axis. Abnormalities in the lattice during the transformation would have been seen in the Nax WO3.

Mozart :: essays research papers

A short time before the death of Mozart, a stranger of remarkable appearance, and dressed in deep mourning, called at his house, and requested him to prepare a Requiem, in his best style, for the funeral of a distinguished person. The sensitive imagination of the composer immediately seized upon the circumstance as an omen of his own fate; and the nervous anxiety with which he labored to fulfill the task, had the effect of realizing his impression. He died within a few days of completing this magnificent piece of music, which was performed at his interment. Mozart's unfinished Requiem has long been shrouded in mystery. Mozart undertook the commission for an Austrian nobleman, little knowing that he was to write a requiem for himself. Inevitably, the secrecy surrounding the anonymous commission, the circumstances of Mozart's death, the unfinished state of the work, and its completion under the direction of Mozart's widow, Constanze, have precipitated two centuries of romantic speculation and scholarly controversy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One book that further explores the history and an analytical study on the Requiem is Christoph Wolff’s Mozart’s Requiem. Christoph Wolff provides a critical introduction to the Requiem in its many facets. Mozart’s Requiem has been a topic discussed for centuries and in Wolff’s book that topic is meticulously broken down. Wolff breaks the book down in two parts. Part I of his study focuses on the tangled genesis and completion of the work and its fascinating early reception history until Constanze's death. Wolff summarizes the current state of research on the subject, provides new perspectives on Mozart's conception of the whole work, and surveys his contributions to the movements composed by his assistant, Sà ¼ssmayr. Part II provides a musical analysis of Mozart's composition, including contextual, structural, and interpretive aspects.

AP Biology: The Properties of Water Essay

Water has many unique properties that make life possible on Earth. One property is cohesion. The cohesion property is properly defined as the binding of water molecules by hydrogen bonds. Water has this property as a result of the chemical bonding between water. Cohesion of the strong hydrogen bonds allows the water molecules to stick together, almost as a unit of one. A force exerted on one of the molecules will be exerted on all of the adjacent molecules as a result of cohesion. Cohesion, often with the cooperation of adhesion, the clinging of one substance to another, adds to the function and ability of water to overcome strong natural forces, such as gravity. When water is in its liquid state of matter, the hydrogen bonds are very frail and weak, about one-twentieth as strong as covalent bonds. The bonds are made, broken, and remade very quickly. Each hydrogen bond lasts only a few trillionths of a second, but the constant synthesis of new bonds with a succession of partners acquires equilibrium. Therefore, a significant percentage of all the water molecules are bonded to their neighbors, making water a more orderly structured liquid than most other known liquids. A property related to cohesion is surface tension, a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water is known to have a greater surface tension than most other liquids. An ordered arrangement of hydrogen-bonded water molecules is present at the boundary between water and air. As a result water behaves as though it is coated with an invisible film along the surface. An example how the cohesion of water affects the functioning of living organisms is present in plants. Evaporation from the leaves in plants pulls water up from the roots. Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding helps hold the column of water molecules together within the xylem vessels located in the stem or trunk of a plant. Adhesion helps the process by resisting the pull of gravity against the upward motion of the molecules. Another property of water is its solubility. Water is known as the universal solvent of life. Many substances can be combined with water to form a solution, a homogeneous mixture between two substances. Water, in solutions, is known as the solvent. The substance or substances being dissolved is known as the solute. An aqueous solution is when a homogenous mixture where water is the solvent is present. As found by the medieval alchemists, water is the most soluble liquid. Although water is technically not universal, it  is very versatile solvent. Water’s solubility is a result of its polarity. Water is a polar molecule, meaning that the opposite ends of the molecule of opposite charges. In a water molecule, the polar covalent bonds allow the oxygen region of the molecule to have a partial negative charge and the hydrogen regions to have a partial positive charge. When ionic crystals are placed in water, they are ionized. The partially negative ion from the crystal bond to the hydrogen ions in water. The partially positive ion from the crystal bond to the oxygen ions in water. The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion is called a hydration shell. Water eventually dissolves all the ions. As a result, there is a solution containing two solutes from the salt homogeneously mixed with water, the versatile solvent. Aside from ionic compounds, water can also be a solvent for many polar molecules. An effect of the versatile solubility can be demonstrated in the functioning of many liquid substances of living organisms, such as blood, the sap of plants, and the liquid contained in cells. Water’s solubility allows for these liquids to have a universal concentration throughout the entire liquid, making the distribution of the ions or molecules in the solution equal. Another property of water is its high specific heat. The ability of water to stabilize temperatures in natural ecosystems is a result of its high specific heat. Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. Water’s specific heat is defined as one calorie per gram per degree Celsius. This information comes from the definition of a calorie, the amount of heat that causes one gram of water to change its temperature by one degree Celsius. Because of water’s high specific heat, water’s temperature will change less when it absorbs or loses a certain amount of heat. Water resists changing its temperature, and when it happens to change it, it absorbs or loses a large quantity of heat for each change in temperature. Water’s specific heat is a direct result of hydrogen bonding. Large amounts of heat must be absorbed in order to break the hydrogen bonds, and la rge amounts of heat are released when hydrogen bonds form. One calorie doesn’t cause a large change in the temperature primarily because most of the heat energy is used to disrupt the hydrogen bonds before the water  molecules can start moving faster. When the temperature drops slightly, many hydrogen bonds form, releasing a large amount of heat energy. Water’s high specific heat is directly related to life on Earth through climate. Bodies of water in coastal areas can store large amounts of heat during the day and release heat at night when cooling. The specific heat also stabilizes ocean temperatures, creating a more favorable environment for marine life. Therefore, as a result of water’s high specific heat, the water on Earth keeps temperature changes on land and in water within life-permitting limits. Animals are also mostly made of water, allowing them to resist changes in their own temperatures. Water is so abundant and present in everyday life that it’s easy to neglect the fact that it is an exceptional s ubstance with many extraordinary qualities. Following the theme of emergent properties, water’s unique behavior can be traced to the structure and interactions of its molecules.

Death of a family member Essay

In this chapter on Crisis in Family, the death of one’s child, parent, or suicide of a close family member can cause a devastating crisis within a marriage. Mothers and fathers relate to death in different ways, which causes conflict within the marriage. Depending on the circumstances of the death, one spouse may accuse the other of not sharing in the grief, or blaming the other for the death of the child. In dealing with your partner patience should be implemented, thus allowing the other person to grieve in their own way. Most people expect that they will eventually lose a parent, however the death of a child is not foreseen. Death of a parent can cause crisis before the parent passes if they have been terminally ill. By the time the parent dies the emotional strain, and stress from the illness may have been so draining that the crisis has already occurred. The loss of a parent can cause one to feel anger, depression, and lack of concentration. A study done on college students found that their constant reminiscing about the death of a parent or close loved one caused them to have a lower sense of psychological well-being. Whether it is the death of a parent or child, grief is not a one-time experience that people go through and move on. For some it is a chronic sorrow where grief related feelings occur periodically throughout the rest of their lives. When you think of the way things may have been if a loved one was still here, along with on the anniversary of their passing feelings of grief become more severe. A study done by Burke in 1999 showed that after 2 to 20 years 97 percent of people who lost a loved one still showed signs of chronic sorrow. In dealing with suicide of a family member, annually there are 31,000 suicides and (75,000) attempts. Each suicide is said to immediately affect 6 other people in the person’s life. These affects range from physical disorders like shingles (due to stress), depression (grief), and social stigma (the  person is viewed as weak and the family as a failure in not being able to help the prior emotions and feelings of the family member). It has further been stated that family members that witnessed the suicide of a family member described this as the worst day of their lives. The people who are most vulnerable to suicide are: 15 to 19 years old, homosexual, or male, family history of suicide or mood disorder, substance abuse or past history of child abuse and parental sex abuse. Therapist view suicide as a permanent solution to a temporary problem. Family members often think they could have done something to prevent the suicide. However Therapist have stated that if a person wants to end their life they will and you can’t control it. Support groups can be an effective coping mechanisms, realizing that you can’t stop a person who is adamant about taking his or her own life. This section of the chapter dealing with death of a family member holds near and dear to my heart. Due to the recent passing of my dad, I was able to relate to so many of the emotions expressed in this chapter. After being diagnosed with Chronic Heart disease and extensive open heart surgery, I watched my dad’s downward spiral for 7 months. I witnessed the hope that my mom had even when the doctors displayed hopelessness. It was difficult for me witnessing my dad’s decline on a daily bases, however for my siblings it was equally as difficult, because they wanted to be here but were not able to due to their own family and job obligations in other states. In addition to the experiences that have been recorded in this chapter, I would like to add a few personal experiences that we endured. My dad was the eldest of 12, and we were a close knit family. However during my dad’s illness, his desire to see his siblings and other members of the family decreased. This brought about feelings of anger for them, and much of it directed against our immediate family. I noticed that sometimes family are more concerned about their feelings than those that are suffering from the illness. Even though my dad has been gone for nearly a year it still seems very current. There is not a day that passes that I don’t think of him in some capacity. I have moments of sorrow, I have also felt moments of despair when someone else talks about their dad. There were time in church where I would just begin to cry because the song reminded me of him. I also am reminded every Sunday of the chair that he occupied when he was there. My mom and I have struggled with parting with my dad’s belongings. She has several vehicles, and does  not need them all, however we want to keep them, because they belonged to my dad even though it is not the practical thing to do. We have done quite a few things to help cope with the loss of my dad. We have had a memorial service on father’s day where we had a butterfly release ceremony. Now every time we see a butterfly it reminds us that he is not far. I also have a picture of him by my bed, on my dresser and on the refrigerator. Just these small reminders help us to cope with my dad no longer being with us on this time side of life. My mom stays really busy, with bowling, working, and church activities. She said that staying busy keeps her mind off of my dad not being with her. It has been a great adjustment, because after 52 years of marriage and sharing everything that you do, the single life, not by choice is a stressor all by itself. Whenever I feel weary about my dad’s passing, I think of those last days and how his body had suffered so much from his illness. I would never want to be so selfish as to want him to stay here and not have the quality of life that he deserved to have. I believe that our greatest coping mechanism is the assurance that we will meet my dad in another place, not on this time side of life.