Against Smoking free essay sample

â€Å"Life is too short† and â€Å" you just live once† are phrases you generally get notification from your folks, grandparents and others at whatever point they think of those exhausting ‘in my day’ stories, aren’t they? So why squander the one life you get, and abbreviate the as of now excessively short with the costly, inconsequential and revolting propensity for smoking? Smoking is the propensity that I consider to be silly, a misuse of cash and hazardous to your wellbeing and public activity. Smoking truly is the one thing I hate and with it causing an amazing 110,000 superfluous unexpected losses a year I firmly trust it ought to be ousted to room 101 everlastingly. It’s not that greater arrangement is the thing that you may be thinking presently however hold up until you hear the stomach stirring, blood-souring and spine chilling impacts smoking has on you and everybody around you, they are what some call ‘Hair-raisers’. ?1. billion is the thing that our nation’s most exceedingly awful propensity is costing the NHS consistently, with 50 infections and ailments connected to smoking, 20 of which can be lethal in level of cases. We will compose a custom exposition test on Against Smoking or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when you and your family need to pay the extortionate measure of duty, this is most likely not what you needed a level of it to be going towards. You’re hard earned compensation going towards individuals taking care of their dreadful enslavement with what is a costly desire to die as a stick of malignant growth and lethal maladies. ?1,700 is the thing that a normal smoker goes through on cigarettes every year. Each cigarette endures only two minutes and removes 11 moment from your life, while envision having ? 1,700 to go on a shopping binge with. It could last you long stretches of chic outfits while smoking could cost you long periods of anguishing side effects from the sicknesses you could wind up being confronted with, other than unquestionably the ‘smoking kills’ and ‘smoking is hurtful to health’ messages on the rear of numerous cigarette and tobacco parcels helps smokers to remember the results of smoking and it would without a doubt put individuals off smoking, yet no they simply continue. Too add to this the addictive medication in a cigarette is additionally utilized as a bug spray, so on the off chance that it is utilized to execute bugs, at that point simply picture what it may do to your lungs, not decent right? Smoking doesn’t simply influence you it influences the individuals around you also. 17,000 kids younger than five are admitted to clinic with ailments, for example, pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis and diseases, for example, ear, throat and chest contaminations. Honest kids taking care of impolite individuals who childishly smoke around them. It truly isn't reasonable. Also youngsters who experience childhood in groups of smokers have half progressively possibility of being tobacco clients when they are more established than kids raised in a smoke free condition. Commonly my companions and I have needed to pick between choking in tobacco smoke and holding our relaxes for, well too long while our eyes water from the smoke, smearing all our make-up not long before meeting up with certain companions around as we need to stroll by a ginormous gathering of egotistical adolescents smoking since they think it makes them look cool. It doesn’t for the record and it likewise smells extremely awful. Who might need to be companions with somebody whose hair, garments and house smells like stale tobacco smoke? Not me, that’s without a doubt. Why for heaven's sake do individuals think their cool on the off chance that they smoke IN joke shops they even sell counterfeit cigarettes that look lit, just so individuals can imagine they’re smoking. However it doesn't look cool and 40% of multi year olds feel forced into smoking by their companions and friends. For what reason should youngsters need to stress over being approached to have a smoke next time they go out with their companions when truly they ought to focus on school and GCSE’s? Correspondingly 60% of all smokers began smoking younger than 17. These and such a large number of different motivations to state, cause me to accept that smoking ought to be exiled to the very profundities of room 101 for the remainder of endlessness and I’m almost certain I’m by all account not the only one who thinks this.

Three FBLA goals important for Business Leadership Essay

Three FBLA objectives significant for Business Leadership - Essay Example Continuously center around your own fortifies and present the best exertion regardless of whether you feel it isn’t enough. I am a glad American; however since numerous years it appears as though the quality of the nationalists in the past is sliding off from its establishments. The residents are not as focused on the reason as in the past. We are the creators of America and we have to accept this is our nation and give most extreme exertion to its turn of events. Without the advancement of one’s own character it would not be conceivable to build up the character of the country. Through trustworthiness, responsibility, possession, adaptability and parity it would not exclusively be conceivable to consolidate an astounding character and yet present a solid resource for the economy on the loose. Solid connections are to be worked with the organizations, the tertiary segment and numerous different associations identified with network for understudies to comprehend their degree of significance while instructing them. The good examples and guides assume an imperative job in upgrading the information in regards to this present reality. It is consistently insightful to ingest however much data as could reasonably be expected from these tutors as it will go far into your future. In the contemporary present reality, organizations are getting incredibly intricate, and therefore the training frameworks are working with the associations to plan and execute a solid educational program. Some of life’s best exercises are found out from the most difficult circumstances. Never run from these circumstances, consistently have faith in yourself and approach to oversee them and gain from them. Putting stock in the reason enables the person to comprehend the significance of the circumstance, and he, at that point takes an interest with complete exertion. It is fundamental to have confidence in yourself as well as for the current situation. The American business endeavor requires spurred and submitted people who present their capacities and aptitudes as well as give a degree of

talk to people!

talk to people! Im halfway to my bachelors degree which is exciting but also nerve-wracking. You dont really get a chance to redo college, but that doesnt stop you from wondering how things could have been different. Did you miss out on something? Are you missing out on something right now? Can you do anything about it? This is an image from one of my favorite Twitter accounts (@dasharez0ne this is a credit not a plug) that made me decide to write this post. Can I interest you in some background information for the table? Enter August 2016, Boston, Massachusetts. I take a taxi from the airport to the stud to pick up my orientation packet. I roll my two comically oversized suitcases down dorm row to MacGregor, but on the Memorial Drive side instead of Amherst Alley because I dont quite grasp the whole our entrances are facing backwards thing yet. (Tip for visitors: if its on Memorial, its actually on Amherst.) Some kind soul lets me in through the back-front door and I check in to my room. Its hot and its quiet and it smells a little funny. I dont feel very different. If I remember correctly, I went to sleep because I didnt know what else to do. In high school (and middle school, and elementary and college), I was a quiet kid. Not because I was shy, but because I didnt really have much to say. I had two friends, and they both thought I was scary before they got to know me because my default face is, to quote a former classmate, pissed off. When I do talk, its in a monotone thats deeper than you would expect from someone my size. Ive absorbed so much irony culture that I say mean ironic things that strike people as regular bitchiness. How did my high school friends get to know me? They initiated conversations with me. Looking back, they were and still are great people, and we made a lot of memories together. But I know if they hadnt have tried to talk to me, none of that would have happened. I never was good at starting conversations, and holding them is still difficult for me because for some reason I do not automatically ask questions back to people after they ask me things. potential good friend: Hey! Youre looking pretty tan! How was your summer? me: Good. I went to the beach. pgf: Oh, thats nice. me:   potential good friend who is now reconsidering ever trying to talk to me again: cool. Now a normal person would know that youre supposed to ask them how about their summer. Unfortunately, as is clear from the fact that I go to MIT, Im not normal. Im working on it though. I finished high school and flew to MIT with the idea that suddenly I could be a normal person. Some people do actually have this experience. I did not. I had trouble enjoying my FPOP, but that was probably my fault. I never saw anyone around my temporary room to talk to. I went to maybe two REX events, intentionally the big ones where I could be alone and not feel singled out for not being with a group. Classes hadnt started yet but I was hating it. Looking back, I realize that this was mostly because I didnt have any friends here. I didnt go to CPW, so I didnt have any connections from that. I was the only freshman from central Alabama. I felt horrible but refused to initiate any conversations, any budding friendships, any kind of relationship. I was alone and not even in the cool loner way, regardless of how I played it off. It took me a few months before people started recognizing me and inviting me to things. I felt so much more confident in myself and fulfilled by January. By the end of the year, I had people I could call friends. I felt great. I had NRed 5.12 and dropped 6.00 and gotten a B in a HASS class and a C in 8.02, but at least I felt like a human person with attachments to other people. People to cook with, gossip with, complain with. People I could go on trips with, from Newbury Street to Italy. I know for a fact there are freshmen out there, high school students, full blown adults with jobs who feel like they just wont ever have friends. Its a lonely and miserable experience and I want to ask you to reconsider. Here are some ways to talk to people that Ive gathered over the years: Bond over things you mutually dislike. My first friend here became that because she just showed up at my door and we complained about our FPOPs. Do you want to (watch w, cook x, go to y, study z) with me? Share some memes or cute animal pics. Everyone likes those. A simple how are you doing? but with heart behind it. You never know who needs a shoulder to cry on. Find someone whos more of a quiet loner than you. Theyre easier to talk to because they can relate. It also will likely make them feel better about themselves. How many times has one simple, short interaction made your day? The trick to talking to people (at MIT and in real life) is not caring if you sound stupid. You are stupid. Everyone is. Youre also full of experiences and unique insights that the world wants to hear. In general, people want to hear what their quiet loner peers have to say. Youre mysterious. Sometimes you might stutter or say something that causes an awkward silence. Thats part of life. You can forget about it. I accidentally spit a little sometimes when I talk, and for some reason people still talk to me. Its never too late to make a friend. I cringed as I wrote that because its so cheesy, but its true. These little conversations are the gateway to meaningful relationships and can provide you with that delicious dose of serotonin that you might need to get through another day. Try it out some time! Please. Or dont.

Which Letters Are in the Spanish Alphabet

The Spanish alphabet is easy to learn — it differs by only one letter from the English alphabet. According to the  Real Academia Espaà ±ola  or Royal Spanish Academy,  the Spanish alphabet has 27 letters. The Spanish language coincides with the English alphabet in its entirety with one additional letter, à ±: A: aB: beC: ceD: deE: eF: efeG: geH: hacheI: iJ: jotaK: kaL: eleM: emeN eneÑ: eà ±eO: oP: peQ: cuR: ere (or erre)S: eseT: teU: uV: uveW: uve doble, doble veX: equisY: yeZ: zeta 2010 Alphabet Update Although the Spanish alphabet has 27 letters, that wasnt always the case. In 2010, a number of changes occurred to the Spanish alphabet under the leadership of the Royal Spanish Academy, a semiofficial arbiter of the language. Prior to 2010, the Spanish alphabet had 29 letters. The  Real Academia Espaà ±ola  had included  ch and ll as officially recognized letters. They have distinct pronunciations, much like ch does in English. When the Spanish alphabet was updated,  ch  and ll were dropped from the alphabet. For years, when  ch  was considered a separate letter, it would affect the alphabetical order in dictionaries. For example, the word  achatar, meaning to flatten, would be listed after  acordar, meaning  to agree. This caused considerable confusion. Spanish dictionaries changed alphabetical ordering rules to resemble English dictionaries even before  ch  was officially dropped as a  letter.  The only distinction was that  Ãƒ ±Ã‚  came after  n in dictionaries. Another substantial update included the actual name change of three letters. Prior to 2010, the  y  was formally called  y  griega  (Greek  y) to distinguish it from  the  i  or  i  latina  (Latin  i). During the 2010 update, it was officially changed to ye. Also, the names for  b  and  v, pronounced  be  and  ve, which had been pronounced identically, received an update. To differentiate, the b continued to be pronounced be  and the v was changed in pronunciation to uve.   Over the years, since disambiguation between b and v had been difficult in speech, native language speakers developed colloquialisms as cues. For example, a b might be referred to as  be grande,  big B, and the  V  as  ve chica,  little V. Long before 2010, there was debate over a few others letters, such as w and k, which arent  found in native Spanish words. Due to an infusion of borrowed words from other languages — words as varied as haiku and kilowatt —  use of these letters became common and accepted. Use of Accents and Special Marks Some letters are written with diacritical marks. Spanish uses three diacritical marks:  an accent mark, a dieresis, and tilde. Many vowels use accents, such as  tablà ³n, meaning plank, or  rà ¡pido, meaning fast. Usually, the accent is used to add stress on a syllables pronunciation.  In special cases, the letter  u is sometimes topped with a dieresis or what appears to be a German umlaut, as in the word  vergà ¼enza, meaning shame. The dieresis changes the u sound to the English w sound.A  tilde  is used to distinguish  n  from  Ãƒ ±. An example of a word using a tilde is  espaà ±ol, the word for Spanish. Although the à ± is a letter separate from the n, vowels with accents or diereses arent considered different letters. Clues to Spelling Spanish-English Cognates Spanish has an abundance of English cognates, that is words that have the same origin as English words and are frequently spelled similarly. The differences and similarities in spelling sometimes follow predictable patterns: In words of Greek origin where ch has the k sound in English and Spanish, Spanish usually uses qu. Examples: arquitectura (architecture), quà ­mico (chemical).When English uses gn pronounced as ny, in Spanish the à ± is used. Examples: campaà ±a (campaign), filete mià ±on (filet mignon).Foreign words with a k in English that have been imported to Spanish tend to retain the k, but a qu or c is sometimes used. Examples: kayak (kayak), koala (koala). But the word for kiosk can be spelled as either quiosco or kiosco. Key Takeaways The Spanish alphabet has 27 letters and is the same as the English alphabet with the addition of à ±.Spanish often uses diacritical marks over vowels, but a marked vowel is not considered a separate letter as the à ± is.Until the alphabet reform of 2010, ch and ll used to be classified as separate letters.

The Theme of Dehumanization in Breakfast of Champions Essay

The Theme of Dehumanization in Breakfast of Champions Dear Sir, poor sir, brave sir: You are an experiment by the Creator of the Universe. (Vonnegut 259) Imagine if this was addressed to you. What an awful feeling of betrayal and loneliness you would no doubt get. But what if next you heard this? You are the only creature in the entire Universe who has free will. You are the only one who has to figure out what to do next-and why. Everybody else is a robot, a machine. (Vonnegut 259) Surely you would feel like your entire existence was a big joke, one at your expense. You would feel desensitized, remote, and detached from all human feeling. You would be a poor victim, someone taken hold of by the cold grasp of dehumanization. The†¦show more content†¦This is where Kilgore Trout and Dwayne Hoover are destined to meet. The story is set in New York around 1973. It follows Trouts journey from Cohoes to Midland City, and Hoovers dysfunctional daily routine while Trout is doing so. Trout makes his way by getting a ride with a truck dri ver and during the ride, as well as the whole trip, his mind wanders to fanciful stories of science fiction. Destiny, as it were, brings Trout and Hoover together near the end of the book. This is where Trout turns Hoover into a homicidal maniac. There are a few motifs that Vonnegut uses to drive in the theme of dehumanization in his book. Sex is one of the most apparent motifs used. It is also one of the most sacred things we have as humans. We use it for recreation1 and we also use it to recreate. Vonnegut uses our sexual urges to tear us apart and make us seem mechanical and routine. He reduces us to nothing less than a fucking machine. (Vonnegut 280) Kilgore Trouts literature for example, is filler for pornographic books and magazines. His works of art are featured in publications, which advertise Wide Open Beavers Inside. (Vonnegut 22) It fills such a need, this machine, says Trout of a film projector in an adult theater, and its so easy to operate. (Vonnegut 69) Another motif that is usedShow MoreRelatedBreakfast Of Champions Or Goodbye Blue Friday970 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Breakfast of Champions† or â€Å"Goodbye Blue Monday† is the seventh novel of Kurt Vonnegut’s that he wrote it in 1972, as he himself said this is for his very own fiftieth birthday. It is Vonnegut s own parody of himself and his works on how his mind views things as well. In this dark comedy the first person report forms and describes the man who   has been in prison three times in and out of the old prison as a inmate and confronted with the great depression and World War II, the Korean War, McCarthyism

I’ve never been accepted Free Essays

â€Å"Freak.† And â€Å"Monster† were the names I heard day in and day out for the last four years. That’s why, when I got approached by The Mavericks I thought things were looking up for me. We will write a custom essay sample on I’ve never been accepted or any similar topic only for you Order Now Little did I know, things were about to go whirling out of control. It was a piercingly cold day, my hands were raw, I was doing my usual paper round, thinking of giving it up, in hope of bed-ridden mornings and no more bags’ under my eyes. I’d given my last paper to a elderly woman leaving her house to check the milkman had been. He hadn’t. He had stopped coming years ago and then I headed back to the Newfield Newsagent and collected my pay. Twenty pound is what I got paid for getting up at six in the morning, every morning. I made my way across the snow covered field, my feet making firm, strong crunching noises†¦ But wait, why could I hear four footsteps instead of two? I twirled around, SMACK. A strong handed punch left me breathless, and knocked me on my back. â€Å"Wh†¦ what?† I asked, breathlessly. I opened my eyes. Jesus, my glasses had snapped, another reason for my dad to call me hundreds of names. â€Å"GIVE ME YOUR MONEY!† a gruff voice called out, â€Å"who.. who are you?† my usually low voice turned into a whimper, as I attempted to sound strong. A defence technique I learned, living with my beastly father for so long. I cursed myself for sounding fearful. I didn’t get another chance to think of another comeback. A rapid, sharp blow hit my straight in the face again. A ripping sound. Lighter pockets. Crunching noises. Then black. I heard a voice. â€Å"Uh dude? You going to be ok? I opened my eyes, slowly and tried to sit up. My whole body ached. There was blood on my white t-shirt. â€Å"You.. You look pretty bad there.† â€Å"Aw SHUT UP Jonny! Way to make him feel better!† Who were these people? I didn’t recognize there voices. â€Å"Where am i?† I managed to whisper. â€Å"You don’t need to know. All you need to know is that, we found you on a field, covered in blood and brought you here. We’re the Mavericks.† The Mavericks? Not the gang, The Mavericks surely? I looked around, everything was black, and a few cardboard boxes lay around, empty cans of Fosters, cigarette boxes and a pool table. I couldn’t really be with The Mavericks could I? I looked up, three tall men stood before me. They were all wearing black suits and black hats. I was with the Mavericks. â€Å"I need to go, I need†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stopped mid sentence as I saw a gun being pulled from Tall Man number two, coat jacket. â€Å"You’ll stay right there. Since we saved your life, we can end it too. I think you owe us a favour don’t you?† I gulped. I tried to slow my heartbeat down, afraid that they would hear it. â€Å"Just.. Just let me go. I’ll do anything.† I whimpered. When I said I’d do anything, I didn’t think that they would ask me to do what they did next†¦ â€Å"THERE HE IS! RUN!† Joe screamed, I ran, I fell, I got up and ran again. They wouldn’t let me stop; they will kill me if I gave up on them, if I backed down. We were trying to catch Freddy’s dad, a multi-millionaire jewel extraordinaire. Freddy, the newest member of The Mavericks was running ahead of me, I felt sorry for him. He didn’t want to be in this position was much as I didn’t. Joe said that if he didn’t cooperate on this mission he would kill both his mother and father, and then come back for him. So here we were. three months down the line from them finding me on field, bleeding and shaking in my converse. They were using me I knew that, and as soon as the police came, it would be mine and Freddy’s name that would be read out in court. My voice that would plead not guilty to any crime Joe had committed weeks before. I was just a matter of time. Freddy tripped and fell down. I stopped and helped him back up again. I could see tears roll down his cheeks. â€Å"Don’t let them see you. Quick, lets go!† I whispered hurriedly. We started to run again. Where were we? I couldn’t tell. It was too dark to see anything. The only thing I knew was that we appeared to be in a wasteland. The smell filled my nose as soon as I got there, I covered my nose with my scarf and carried on running, still aware the stench was seeping through it. â€Å"HE’S HEADING TOWARD THE LORRIES! DON’T LET HIM ESCAPE!† I ran harder and faster, overtaking Freddy. I saw a shadow crawl under the lorry and I slowed to a stop, just in time for Freddy to stop behind me. â€Å"Where is he?† Freddy whispered. â€Å"Under the lorry, but be quick. I don’t think anybody’s seen him yet.† I replied. Freddy ran and slid under the lorry, I heard a crash. Like metal hitting a skull. I’d heard it before, when Joe had make me kill a poor innocent man because Joe didn’t like the way he looked at him. I hoped Freddy was ok, I really dd. I sprinted to escape from the wasteland, maybe I could get away now? No-one was around, I saw a entrance to a huge warehouse, maybe I could make it? One look behind me pushed my doubts away. I rushed toward the door, just before I managed to let out a sigh of relief. A heavy hand clamped down on my shoulder. â€Å"I don’t think so Jonathon. You know the rules. Now you’ll pay.† A muffled laugh, a shout. â€Å"HE’S HERE!† the hand that was tightly clamped down on my shoulder, let go. I was going to get it now, I really was. Then I heard heavy footsteps, not running toward me, but running away from me. This was it? They were letting me go? â€Å"JONATHAN, HERE. NOW!† I heard Joe scream. But I was already running. And running. Away from the violence and the crime. Running away. I was finished with the Mavericks, And I never looked back. How to cite I’ve never been accepted, Papers

Strengthening Coordination Of Humanitarian -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strengthening Coordination Of Humanitarian? Answer: Introduction Humanitarian work can be defined as the work, which is related to the various human welfare activities. According to Burt (2012), The concept of Humanitarian work is often confused with charitable works. However, in the opinion of scholars like Bthe, Major and Souza these are two different concepts. As analyzed by Bthe, Major and Souza (2012), in the 19th and 20th, the concept of charity was looked down upon by the society and the people, who used to take those aids often had to face the stigma of the society. However, the various Humanitarian activities are an accounting requirement of the society. Burt (2012) is of the opinion that the various humanitarian activities are related to the promotion of various human welfare activities and human rights. As commented by Bthe, Major and Souza (2012), the upholders of this particular philosophy believe in the upholding of the human rights of the individuals. The practitioners believe in promoting benevolent human activities, which can bene fit the entire human race. The practitioners are motivated by altruistic, logical as well as moral factors. These humanitarian activities are an essential part of the modern society and provide help services to people belonging to all strata of the society, in times of natural as well as man-made calamities. In the modern day scenario, because of the increase in the number of the natural disasters and the man made calamities like the various terrorist activities makes the presence of these activities of paramount importance. Jean Pictet, in his The Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross, provides the basic idea, which is often considered by many to be the universal doctrine of Humanitarian works. According to the Red Cross Organization, the doctrine states- Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them. It is interesting to note that almost all the major religions of the world like Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and others propound the same concept in one form or the other. The services rendered by Red Cross and Florence Nightingale Hospital nurses, in this regard is very important. Red Cross was founded in the 1863 in Switzerland with the objective to provided medical aids to the people in need (Cross 2018). It is to be noted that during the two world wars, the organization played an important role not only in catering to the wounded soldiers but they even used to accompany the soldiers to the battle field (Cross 2018). Meaning of Humanitarian works in the present context In the opinion of scholars like Crowe and Weston-Scheuber (2013), the changing nature of the present day world and the ever increasing number of natural calamities faced by the people, makes the services provided by these humanitarian organizations very important. The increasing amount of terrorist activities also makes the work done by these organizations very important. Noting the origin of the concept scholars like Crowe and Weston-Scheuber (2013) commented that in the 21st century, the concept is usually related to the beneficiary activities in times of emergency crisis. The emergency crisis might include situations like terrorist activities, natural calamities like Tsunami, earthquakes, economic recessions and various others (Crowe and Weston-Scheuber 2013). The various humanitarian activities are dictated by humanitarian principles. In the opinion of Carr, Furnham and MacLachlan (2012), the concept originated during the ancient times and there are many references to humanitaria n activities in Bible and other religious texts. However, there are others like Burt (2012), who are of the opinion that the modern form of humanitarian works arose in England during the late 19th and early 20th century. According to scholars like Carr, Furnham and MacLachlan (2012), the concept arose in the early social works and reforms of the late 1800s and early 1900s. In the 19th and 20th century, the concept was synonymous with the various social welfare activities and reforms. Traditionally the concept was looked down upon by the society and the people taking the help of these services were stigmatized. As noted by Carr, Furnham and MacLachlan (2012), in the late 19th century and early 20th century, the various humanitarian activities were also called by the name of charitable works. However, in the present scenario, it forms an important part of our lives. Humanitarian Principles Humanitarian Principles are the principles, which dictate as well as guide the course of the various humanitarian activities. It is to be noted that these principles are responsible for the various relief aids as well as funds, which are provided to the suffering people. The following figure provides some of the basic humanitarian principles, which are taken into consideration by most of the humanitarian organizations as well as national governments- It is to be noted that almost all the major humanitarian organizations of the world consider these four concepts as the basic principles for the various humanitarian organizations. The basic humanitarian principles are provided by the core principles mentioned in the International Committee of Red Cross(Crowe and Weston-Scheuber 2013). The UNICEF official website states that, the United Nations lists Humanitarian assistance is of cardinal importance for the victims of natural disasters and other emergencies as one of its guiding principles for humanitarian practices (Unicef.org 2018). Commenting on these humanitarian principles, Nicholas de Torrente, the Executive Director of MSF-USA, says These fundamental principles serve two essential purposes. They embody humanitarian actions single-minded purpose of alleviating suffering..humanitarian organizations, particularly in highly volatile contexts (Unicef.org 2018). The opinions as well as the priorities of the various humanitarian orga nizations vary as per the nature and the kind of work they perform. The concept gained mass popularity during the time of the time of the First and the Second World War. The huge destruction of lives as well as resources made it necessary for the people to focus on the various humanitarian activities to support and also to help out the people affected by the war. The work done by humanitarian organizations like Red Cross and Florence Nightingale was very important during this time (Redcross.org.uk 2018). The Red Cross members even went to the war zones and actual battle fronts to help the wounded soldiers (Redcross.org.uk 2018). The sisters and nurses of the Florence Nightingale hospitals worked round the clock to help the suffering and wounded soldiers. (Redcross.org.uk 2018). It is to be noted that it was during this time that the actual organized humanitarian works began. An overview of the Changing landscape The changing landscape of the present times along with the changing nature of society makes various humanitarian works of paramount importance (Unocha.org 2018). The earliest instances of the humanitarian work in the modern context dates back to the late 18th after the debacle of the Industrial Revolution. It was during this time that humanitarian organizations like Red Cross and Florence Nightingale were founded (Redcross.org.uk 2018). The various acts and legislations of the British Government like The Factory Act of 1833 and The Factory Act of 1844 are important in this context (Redcross.org.uk 2018). It is also to be noted that during this time, the various feminists as well as the other naturalists associated themselves with these humanitarian activities for the welfare of the entire human race. Florence Nightingale was an English social reformer and her supporter started the Florence Nightingale Hospital after her death (Redcross.org.uk 2018). This hospital along with the Red C ross played an important part during the two world wars (Redcross.org.uk 2018). It is seen that many nations are failing to provide the basic amenities to their citizens because of the problem of lack of funds. In the traditional times, people use to do charity out of good will, but the situation in the present times demands more than mere charity (Unocha.org 2018). It is to be noted that with the change in times, the landscape of the humanitarian activities has also changed. Many people now view it as a profitable business instead of a tool to do social good. An organized system is required for the resolution of the various issues faced by the individuals as well as nations. The following figure provides a plan of Finlands Humanitarian Relief Aid 2017- An overview of the Current issues There are many current issues, which the world is facing presently and needs the help of the various humanitarian organizations and individuals for their resolution. Some of the issues, which the world is facing currently are as follows- Syrian Refugee Crisis Rohingya Crisis Greece national Crisis El Nino Crisis South Sudan Crisis Violence in Burundi An analysis of the motives and theories behind the humanitarian activities There are various theories behind the humanitarian activities, which are performed by the various national as well as private organizations. As opined by Tabaklar et al. (2015), the first theory used by the sociology to explain the various humanitarian works is the Obligation Theory. However authors like Osicki (2015) are of the opinion that theories like The Grotian Theory Of Humanitarian Intervention, Cultural Theory and various others are more relevant to the field. Commenting on the same topic authors like Rupp, Skarlicki and Shao (2013) are of the opinion that some people try to justify the various humanitarian activities on the basis of Freuds theory of the satisfaction of the id. Theorists attribute many ideologies as well as ideas to the concept of humanitarian works like the concept of doing good, respect, dignity and various other factors. The main ideology or the idea of the various humanitarian workers is to cause maximum amount of good to the maximum amount of people. In the opinion of Chouliaraki (2014), the main doctrine of these activists is- Peoples duty is to promote human welfare. Respect, equal treatment and dignity also form important concepts for the activists (Chouliaraki 2014). Advancement of the well-being of the entire human race is another factor, which motivates these activists. An overview of the process of digitalization of the humanitarian activities According to Hunt et al. (2014), the term was first used by Peter Meier during the process of crowd mapping of 2010 Haiti earthquake. Paul Conneally during a TED talk stated that the origins of humanitarianism origins are firmly routed in the analogue age with a major shift coming (Stahn 2014). Hunt et al. (2014) defines digital Humanitarianism can be defined as the kind of humanitarianism, which is performed using the services of the digital media. In the present world of technological innovations, the concept is gaining worldwide popularity. The concept is used by many organizations for the purposes of fundraising and various other activities. The services can also be utilized for the purposes of getting voluntary aids as well as getting volunteers to perform relief activities during times of crisis. Commenting on the importance of the use of social media and various other platforms provided by the digital media, Vincent Fervier said that "social mediacan benefit the humanitarian s ector..by providing information to give bettersituational awarenessto organizations for broad strategic planning and logistics..crisis mappingreally emerged in 2010 during the Haiti earthquake..software and digital humanitarian platforms such asStandby Task Force,OpenStreetMap, and many others being active during many disasters since then (Guilhot 2012). Guilhot (2012) even says that social media can be used to provide quick relief services to the victims of natural calamities. The concept of Shareholders in humanitarian activities According to Guilhot (2012), the shareholders in humanitarian work are the people who perform the relief activities as well as contribute money during times of emergency. They are very important for the effective handling of any crisis and providing relief services. It is seen that the responsibility for action in cases of natural as well as man-made disasters is commonly attributed to the public sector, more precisely, the surrounding people. There are four shareholders in the humanitarian activities- firstly, the surrounding people, secondly, society, thirdly, public sector and finally the private sector (Guilhot 2012). The following figure provides an overview of the various shareholders involved in the process of humanitarian activities- An overview of the changing relationship between the shareholders Scholars like Crowe and Weston-Scheuber (2013) have noted that in the 19th and 20th century, it was seen that the primary humanitarian activities consisted mainly of the contribution of monetary aids. In the present times, economics is placed on the contribution of monetary aids as well as on the voluntary services provided by the volunteers for the various relief activities (Crowe and Weston-Scheuber 2013). Moreover, the present humanitarian activities are more organized as well as goal driven. An analysis of the changing nature of the humanitarian activities In the opinion of authors like Crowe and Weston-Scheuber (2013), a comparison of the present humanitarian activities with the humanitarian activities of the 19th and 20th centuries will reveal a marked change between the two. In the present age, focus is placed more on the monetary aspects. It is seen that there are many multinational organizations for the purposes of relief activities. However scholars like Guilhot (2012), are of the opinion that to keep these multinational organizations functional a substantial amount of capital is spent and this directly affects the actual amount of money, which is being spent on the various reliefs activities. Therefore, it can be said that the present day emphasis is more on institutionalization rather than on the actual relief activities. Recommendations In the opinion of Guilhot (2012) various strategies must be devised by means of which the funds which these humanitarian organizations get can be increased. The humanitarian organizations also need to devise various strategies and ways by means of which the number of volunteers to perform the various relief activities can be increased. The organizations should try to spend more amount of money on the various relief activities and less on the growth as well as the development of their organization. However in the opinion of Hunt et al. (2014), the use of digital media should be taken to provide fast relief services to the victims in cases of natural as well as man-made calamities. Local groups should be trained to provide primary relief activities in case of emergencies. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the various humanitarian works form an important part of the world. Humanitarian work itself is a very dynamic concept and has undergone significant changes in the recent times. These activities are essential not only during the time of emergency and natural calamities but also during the time of peace. It is to be noted that during the time of peace also there are many people who require monetary and other kinds of aids. The nature of the humanitarian works has changed since the traditional times. It is true that in certain respects it has improved but it is also true that there are certain aspects in which still needs to improve. The digitalization of humanitarian activities is a significant step and will help to the various humanitarian organizations to provide quick as well as efficient services to the victims in times of emergency. References Burt, C.D., 2012. The importance of trust to the funding of humanitarian work. InHumanitarian workpsychology (pp. 317-331). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Bthe, T., Major, S. and e Souza, A.D.M., 2012. The politics of private foreign aid: humanitarian principles, economic development objectives, and organizational interests in NGO private aid allocation.International Organization,66(4), pp.571-607. Carr, S.C., Furnham, A. and MacLachlan, M. eds., 2012.Humanitarian work psychology. Palgrave Macmillan. Chouliaraki, L., 2014. The ironic spectator.International Review of the Red Cross,96(894), pp.649-653. Cross, I. 2018.Discover the ICRC - Home. [online] Discover the ICRC. Available at: https://app.icrc.org/discover-icrc/index.html?gclid=CjwKCAiAtdDTBRArEiwAPT4y-5vqZ5iQYZe33wPu6gL-gkGm9kNAwKFVnry5nO43jZwXb6iPM_GVORoCk5AQAvD_BwE [Accessed 2 Feb. 2018]. Crowe, J. and Weston-Scheuber, K., 2013.Principles of international humanitarian law. Edward Elgar Publishing. Guilhot, N., 2012. The anthropologist as witness: humanitarianism between ethnography and critique.Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development,3(1), pp.81-101. Hunt, M., Schwartz, L., Pringle, J., Boulanger, R., Nouvet, E. and O'Mathna, D., 2014. A research agenda for humanitarian health ethics.PLoS currents,6. Osicki, M., 2015. Leadership development via humanitarian work.Humanitarian Work Psychology and the Global Development Agenda: Case Studies and Interventions, p.56. Redcross.org.uk. 2018.Florence Nightingale and the Red Cross | British Red Cross. [online] Available at: https://www.redcross.org.uk/About-us/Who-we-are/Museum-and-archives/Historical-factsheets/Florence-Nightingale [Accessed 2 Feb. 2018]. Rupp, D.E., Skarlicki, D. and Shao, R., 2013. The Psychology of Corporate Social Responsibility and Humanitarian Work: A Person?Centric Perspective.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,6(4), pp.361-368. Stahn, C., 2014. Between Law-breaking and Law-making: Syria, Humanitarian Intervention and What the Law Ought to Be.Journal of Conflict and Security Law,19(1), pp.25-48. Tabaklar, T., Halldrsson, ., Kovcs, G. and Spens, K., 2015. Borrowing management in humanitarian supply chain management.Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management,5(3), pp.281-299. Un.org. 2018.A/RES/46/182. Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian emergency assistance of the United Nations. [online] Available at: https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/46/a46r182.htm [Accessed 2 Feb. 2018]. Unicef.org. 2018.UNICEF Home. [online] Available at: https://www.unicef.org/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2018]. Unocha.org. 2018.Unocha.org. [online] Available at: https://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/OOM-humanitarianprinciples_eng_June12.pdf [Accessed 2 Feb. 2018].

Ethical and Legal Issues

Nurses constantly experience ethical dilemmas and legal issues during the course of their profession. These experiences are very challenging as they compel nurses to make immediate ethical and legal choices based on the interest of patients, relatives or physicians. Under certain circumstances, nurses find themselves in great dilemma in trying to balance legal and ethical issues regarding certain medical procedures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical and Legal Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though there are codes of ethics and legal responsibilities that nurses must adhere to, the needs of patients are very complex in that, they may result into ethical and legal conflicts. â€Å"In decision-making, the nurses’ choices and actions should reflect best clinical practice, be the right things to do morally, and be within the legal scope of policies, procedures, and practice acts† (Guido, 20 09, p. 12). Hence, ethical and legal issues bind nurses in their profession. This essay analyses ethical and legal aspects of two case studies in nursing. The first case study is an ethical issue, which falls under dilemma of autonomy. According to Smith, â€Å"†¦dilemma of autonomy occurs when individuals other than the patient must determine, or attempt to determine, what’s best for the patient† (2005, p. 75). Nursing ethics demands that the patient act autonomously in making informed choices about medication or other health related issues. In this situation, the patient had the right to deny further chemotherapy; may be because the medications were not effective or the patient had lost hope of recovering. At least, these were indications of the patient’s dissatisfaction with chemotherapy and it was ethically right for the boy to decline any further chemotherapy administration. In contrast to the patient’s interest, the physician, the nurse and the parents acted in beneficence. In this case, dilemma of beneficence ensued as the physician, patient and family differed on the issue of medication. â€Å"Dilemmas of beneficence occur when health care providers, the patient, and/or family members disagree about what course of action is in the patient’s best interest† (Leddy Pepper, 1993, p. 54). The action of beneficence is an ethical aspect that requires nurses to act in the interest of the patient. Prescription of new medication by the physician with the consent of parents and compliance of the nurse to administer medication, though done against the interests of the patient, highlighted an ethical act of beneficence. The second case study has both ethical and legal aspects regarding nursing profession. In this case, the nurse failed to act in ‘nonmaleficence’ in order to protect the patient against harm by injecting antidepressants to every new resident, but instead follow physician’s instructio ns blindly.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The nurse also acted contrary to the ethical concept of veracity by lying to the patients on the kind of medication prescribed to them. The ethical principle of veracity â€Å"requires the health care provider to tell the truth and not intentionally deceive or mislead clients,† (Guido, 2009, p. 21). The nurse acted unethically by failing to comply with the two ethical principles viz. nonmaleficence and veracity. The legal aspect of the second case is that, the nurse failed to comply with the legal responsibility of administering medication. Edwards argues that, â€Å"†¦nurses should always observe five rights when administering medication to the patients, that is right medicine, to the right patient, in the right dose, through the right route, and at the right time† (2007, p. 9). In this case, the nurse made medicat ion errors by giving every patient antidepressant, which was wrong medication to the wrong patients. The nurse is therefore liable to lawsuit due to medication errors. References Edwards, T. (2007). Legal Issues of Nursing. American Nursing Journal, 2, 1-12. Guido, G. (2009). Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing. New York: Prentice Hall. Leddy, S., Pepper, M. (1993). Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing.  Philadelphia: Lippincott Publisher Smith, D. (2005). Ethical and legal Issues in Nursing. Quality Nursing Practices, 3(6), 70-86. This essay on Ethical and Legal Issues was written and submitted by user Shane Cochran to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why You Might Want to Rethink Your Memoir

Why You Might Want to Rethink Your Memoir Stranger Than Fiction? Probably Not: Why you might want to rethink your memoir Today, our lovely editor and Reedsy advisor Rebecca Heyman shares her thoughts on writing memoirs. In this lively and informative post, Becca offers some brilliant no-nonsense insights on the competitiveness of the memoir genre and why fiction might be a safer bet.Memoir is everywhere. The genre is pervasive, clogging slush  piles and hard drives and bookshelves. Part of its ubiquity might have  something to do with the pop-psych notion fed to so many Millenials for so  long, that we are all special and unique, our perspectives and experience  critical. Another contributing factor is a literal interpretation of the  author’s adage, â€Å"Write what you know,† which is in fact a call to use your experience  as a launching point for story, not a script.To be clear: I am not addressing those writers producing  memoir to establish a family legacy. In this article, I’m talking specifically to those authors who plan to query agents or indie-publish- in  short, those who intend their work for public consumption.Okay, now that we’ve got that squared away, allow me to tell  you why a vast majority of memoirists would be better off committing their  creative energy to a novel or, if you must, a short story collection.Reason #1: You don’t  have an existing platformHave a look at the best-selling memoirs for 2014. In  preparation for writing this post, I looked at lists by the New York Times, the Guardian, Huffington Post, The Daily Beast, and more. What I found  is that close to 70% of the titles on all these lists came from famous  people- politicians, celebrities, musicians, or figures of national import. The  remaining 30-or-so percent of successful memoirs came from people with  extraordinary personal experiences (think Cheryl Strayed’s Wild adventure), or previously published authors or poets.Even based on such an unscientific survey, it’s easy to see  that the memoirs selling best giv e readers a glimpse into a life most of us  can’t imagine. And since the best  memoirs transport us to another time and place the same way a good novel does,  that distance between reader and author experience is critical. Follow Becca and Reedsy on Twitter: @RFaithEditorial and @ReedsyHQWhat are your thoughts on memoir writing? Is the genre too competitive and dominated by celebrities for first-time authors to stand a chance? Let us know your thoughts, or ask Becca any question, in the comments below!

Alternative Solutions to Medical Testing on Animals Article

Alternative Solutions to Medical Testing on Animals - Article Example An ethical principle that guides the use of alternative methods to animal testing encourages the replacement, reduction and refinement as an effective way of minimizing animal suffering while safeguarding biological experiments thereby proposing ethical alternatives as the discussion below portrays. One of such alternatives is cell cultures (Maguire and Eric 121). This refers to the process of growing both human and animal cells in cultures thereby providing scientists with an opportunity to carry their tests effectively. Psychological egoism is among the ethical theories that continue to propagate for the alternative. According to the theory, explains that self-interests often motivate most of the human actions. Scientists and biologists cause immense pain, suffering and even death to other animals in their desire to make inventions thereby enhancing the profits they acquire from such (Watson 66). The theory therefore encourages the use of cells, which provides the scientists with similar platform to carry scientific researches while saving animals from the immense pain. Objectivism is yet another ethical concept that encourages the use of alternatives to animal testing. The concept explains that reality exists independently of consciousness. As such, humans can acquire knowledge from inductive logic and concept formation. Additionally, the concept explains that pursuing one’s happiness is the moral purpose of life. Using animals in scientific experiments provides humans with an opportunity to develop knowledge. However, the concept encourages the use of other safer and painless ways of doing the same. Dissecting animals is often a bloody affair that most people abhor (Monamy 78). The theory therefore encourages methods that enhance personal happiness and does not cause doubts in the minds of the scientists. Reciprocal altruism further advances the thought for a safer and painless ways

EMPLOYEE RIGHTS, MANAGED CARE AND PATIENT SAFETY Essay - 1

EMPLOYEE RIGHTS, MANAGED CARE AND PATIENT SAFETY - Essay Example Such requests to abstain from certain patient treatment strategies are generally reviewed by an ethics committee. A similar right has been afforded to employees in cases involving abortion of fetuses if they consider it to be unethical. A similar right of refusal is also under consideration for pharmacists who can refuse to dispense medications meant for abortions if they deem it to be unethical and against their moral conscience. A caregiver or a nurse also has the right to question the concerned physician regarding the care given to a patient. If the explanation provided by the physician is unsatisfactory the caregiver has the right to take up the matter with a higher authority for further clarification (Pozgar, 2012). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides protection against employee discrimination on the basis of sex, age, nationality, race and religion. It also affords protection for workers against sexual harassment within a healthcare facility. The most vulnerable population wh o are more prone to face sexual harassment in an healthcare setting are nurses who are in many cases exploited by colleagues, physicians or patients for sexual favors in return for employment or which interferes with the working environment of the employee (Pozgar, 2012; Legal, Ethical and Safety Issues, n.d). The EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) has issued guidelines against sexual harassment and also prohibits the creation of a hostile environment by improper sexual conduct. Nurses also have the right to offer appropriate guidance to the patient’s family even if it involves suggestions to change the physician especially in cases of patient negligence (Pozgar, 2012).Every individual working in the healthcare industry is entitled to be treated with dignity and respect by their employers. They must pay heed to the employee’s complaints, problems and concerns

Human Resource Management Models in Healthcare

Human Resource Management Models in Healthcare John Murphy Baltazar Molina Assess the impact and the purpose of applying strategic human resource management models in a healthcare organisation. Assess the impact of human resource management activities in an organisation. The Impacts of Human Resource Management (HRM) Activities in an Organisation Human Resource Models Contingency Model Contingency model is a type of model that believes that there is no best way to lead a company, to make decisions, or organise an organisation. Instead, the ideal course of action is contingent upon the external and internal situation. A contingent leader efficiently relates their style of leadership at the right time and in the right situation. Organisations are open system that requires cautious management to balance and satisfy internal needs and to cope to environmental conditions. The suitable management rest on the type of duty or environment that is being dealt. Nevertheless, it is essential for management to be concerned, above all else, with achieving good fits and balance. In general, human resources refer to the whole workforce within an organisation and structural contingency theory is concerned with the whole workforce (Armstrong, 2011). In a wider sense, human resources can direct a specific department within the organisation. This may include hiring the qualified people for the job, addressing complaints, dealing with low productivity and resolving conflicts. These challenges all involve putting structural contingency theory into practice. David Guest Model David Guest Model considers that a key policy goal for human resource management is strategic integration (Armstrong, 2011) by which he indicates the organisation’s capability to integrate human resource management matters into strategic procedures, to deliver for line managers to join a human resource management view into the decision making, and to guarantee that the several facets in human resource management adhere. The Guest Model of Human Resource Management (Source: Armstrong, 2011) The central idea of David Guest Model is that human resource management practices must be intended to create high-quality personnel who are flexible and has commitment to the organisation. Employees that are committed and bound to the organisation are vital in human resource management outcome. The assertion of the Guest model that it is higher than the others is partially acceptable in the logic that it visibly draws out the field of human resource manager and describes the outcomes and inputs. But then again, because of the complexity of the dynamics of people management no model (including the Guest model) can capture them broadly. Best Practice Model Johnson (2000) specifies, that the greatest practices are described as human resource approaches and systems that have additive, positive, and universal effects on organisational performance. This meaning is linked to the point that the best practices that the organisation hires, each will augment to the previous, thus compounding the organisation’s resulting performance The Best Practice model would lead to a high performing work system because of it presents the idea to enhance the employees’ knowledge and ability in a just recruitment and training process. In addition, this model indicates to motivate desired behaviours through strong incentives which employees would be happy and be motivated to work hard and be dedicated to work in the organisation. Also, it encourages ideas and contribution from motivated and better trained workers. No man has a monopoly of knowledge, so every idea, opinion, or feedback should be welcomed to improve. Human Resource Management (HRM) Activities Job Analysis There is a developing interest in concentrating on the competencies that individuals need in order to execute jobs rather than on the duties, responsibilities, and tasks comprising a job. Organisations should invest in their employees by not overloading them with responsibilities. The point here is that when an employee is overloaded with responsibilities they tend to miss small things which could be of value in the end. Human Resource Planning Human resource planning is when managers endeavour to anticipate problems that will impact the future demand and supply for employees. It is crucial to have adequate human resource information systems to provide timely and accurate information for human resource planning. Employee Recruitment Compliance with countries laws and regulations about equal employment opportunity affects all other human resource activities and is essential to human resource management. For instance, strategic human resource plans is obligated to guarantee adequate availability of a variety of individuals to meet affirmative requirements. Employers should be resourceful in recruiting applicants by posting on the internet or making ads on public places. Employee Selection Employee selection is an activity wherein the human resource managers assess the applications of the applicants. This is a crucial activity because the employers should select the best and qualified applicants on the list. All employers should be fair in hiring people by accepting them based on their qualifications and not because of other reasons like same race or family friend. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is a term used to describe the process set by an organisation to ensure all employees are aware of the level of performance expected of them in that role (HRINZ, 2011). Performance management system is in place in most organisations. For instance, an organisation is conducting trainings for their employees to be updated of the universal safety precautions. Human Resource Development As our work change and evolve, on-going retraining is necessary to accommodate technological changes. It is essential to prepare organisations for future challenges by boosting development of all employees including managers and supervisors. Compensation Compensation is payment to an employee for their contribution to the organisation, that is, for doing their job(McNamara, n.d.). The most common forms of compensation are salaries, wages, and salaries. Organisations typically associate job description with compensation ranges in the organisation. The ranges comprise the maximum and the minimum sum of money that can be made per year in that role. Benefits Employee benefits usually refer to retirement plans, life insurance, vacation leave, health insurance, and many more. In addition, benefits are more likely a form of value, other than payment, that is given to the employee to repay their contribution to the organisation, that is, for doing their job. Some benefits, such as unemployment and workers compensation, are federally required (McNamara, n.d.). Industrial Relations Industrial relations are multidisciplinary field that studies the mutual aspects of the employment relationship (VUW Career Development and Employment, 2010). It is increasingly being called employment relations because of the importance of non-industrial employment relationships. In addition, industrial relations are concerned with the social justice of decent work and unbiased employment. Most of the people often consider industrial relations as unionised employment situations and labour relations, but it is more than that. Industrial relations cover issues of concern to managers and employees at the workplace, including workplace management strategy, bargaining, participation and employee representation, union management cooperation, job design, workplace reform, skill development, and new technology (VUW Career Development and Employment, 2010) Health and Safety Programs The mental and physical health and safety of the employees are critical concerns. The traditional apprehensions are health issues arising from hazardous work with certain chemicals and newer technologies (Armstrong, 2011). Through a wider focus on health, health resource management can support employees with substance abuse and other problems. Employee wellness programs can help to promote exercise and good health should become more widespread. Manage Diversity Workforce diversity acknowledges the reality that people differ in many ways, invisible or visible, gender, marital status, social status, sexual orientation, disability, religion, ethnicity, personality, and culture (Armstrong, 2011). Effective diversity management has been historically utilised to deliver a legally defensible position towards charges of discrimination. Timesheet Management A timesheet is also known as the roster or schedules made by managers for all the employees including themselves. Making the timesheet is also a vital task by the human resource managers. They need to put workers on every shift and make other options to fill those who are on leave. The Impact of Harvard Framework Model to the HRM Activities There are two characteristic features of human resource management (Armstrong, 2011). Firstly, managers take added accountability for guaranteeing the alignment of personnel policies and competitive strategy. Secondly, employees has the task of following the policies that direct how personnel activities are developed and implemented in ways that make them more mutually reinforcing. The Harvard Framework has applied substantial impact on the practice and theory of Human Resource Management, mainly in its emphasis on the point that Human Resource Management is the apprehension of management in general rather than the employees function in particular. The Harvard Analytical Framework for Human Resource Management In addition, it is based on central philosophy and planned vision. It involves management decisions and actions reflecting the relationship between the firm and its employees. It emphasizes on the importance of proper management of the human assets of an organisation to promote harmony and hence promote the output. The Harvard framework of human resource management views employees as resources (Armstrong, 2003). This type of method distinguishes the section of mutuality in all kinds of businesses. In an organisation employees are considered significant stakeholders. They have their personal needs and concerns alongside with other groups such as customers and shareholders. Currently, many pressures are demanding a more comprehensive, more strategic, and broader perspective with respect to the human resources in an organisation. Managing people in a long term perspective and treatment of people as possible assets rather than simply a variable cost have been generated because of these pressures. The Contribution and Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management The influence of HRM strategy on organisational strategy Nowadays, the success of the organisation basically depends on the capabilities and experience of its members (Kumar, 2011). An organisation may have the technology and capital, but it is human resources that will support organisations take on challenges of business globalization. Technology can be produced and capital can be generated. But the human resources needed in an organisation that can manage the coming challenges must be rightly and properly motivated and encouraged. The Influence of Human Resource Management Strategy on Organisational Performance Human resource managerial strategies shown by organisations pursuing to progress organisational performance have been categorised in two broad kinds depending on their basic character being oriented to the rise of human resources’ level of skill or else of the grade of participation of personnel in the performance of the firm and organisational strategy. Labour productivity and organisational performance are positively related to diverse features of HR management systems (McGrath, 1996), such as recruitment and selection, training programs, performance evaluation, compensation and benefits, and innovative practices. Similarly, some research has shown that firms characterized by the use of the above practices outperform those that display inflexible HR strategies within the same economic sector. The Influence of Human Resource Management Strategy on the Alignment of Organisational Strategies Majority of the organisations consider the department of human resources as an managerial aspect and disregard the opportunity and need to align it within the strategic plans (Righeimer, n.d.). In situations where human resource is involved in the strategy of the organisation, its alignment doesn’t exceed the projecting function. Because the human resource does not hold a seat at the strategic planning table it is not aligned with the strategy of an organisation. The irony with the human resource being left behind in the strategic planning is that by its nature, human resource is about people, which is the strategic plan and fundamental of an organisation. My assumption is that it is difficult to measure the success of human resources and thus it is thought to be soft and not significant in the development of a strategy. What is measured gets done and obtains the authority to donate in an organisation’s strategy. The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on the Policy Making in an Organisation Employee Influence The method in which organisations manage their employees is considered a vital factor in assisting success or even failure for an organisation in today’s competitive setting. The core key to an organisation’s prosperity and effectiveness depends on how employees are managed, therefore, allowing it to have a competitive advantage versus other organisation. My assumption is that when an organisation or its human resource manager will provide company bonuses, benefits, and a good compensation to their employees will benefit from an effective and motivated workforce. This is because organisations that shows a keen interest in their employees and promote commitment based strategies through various HRM practices will benefit the most as they will see lower levels of employee turnover (The WritePass Journal, 2014) Work Systems One of the core principles of strategic HRM is to evaluate how the performance of an organisation is influenced by the way employees are managed (Farooq, 2013). Several measures have been implemented in human resource practices that have been tested to progress the effectiveness of the employees and to anticipate higher standards of organisational performance. Most of these methods include high commitment work system, high standard work structures, high performance human resource management and work systems. No matter the possibilities these systems may vary in the method of improving the employee efficiency, their conjoint track is that organisations can attain high performance by accepting practices that leverage and recognise employees’ ability to make value. To generate an all-out impact these practices are most operative when they are applied in groups because of their joint effects on performance. Reward Systems Reward management is about controlling and examining employee remuneration, compensation and all of the other benefits. Reward management targets to generate and proficiently function a reward system for an organisation. Reward system typically contains pay practices and policy, payroll and salary management, minimum wage, total reward, team reward and executive pay. References Armstrong, M. (2003). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice 9th edition. Retrieved from http://books.google.co.nz/books?hl=enlr=id=2AGbuhlTXV0Coi=fndpg=PR17dq=harvard+framework+model+of+hrmots=ZmKpYHrRC8sig=fUfPlB4Grf2P5tmsZKwdMAHaQsw#v=onepageq=harvard framework model of hrmf=false Armstrong, M. (2011). Armstrong’s Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management 5th edition. Retrieved from http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kJfSzYIBpWwCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Strategic+Human+resource+Management:+a+Guide+to+actionhl=ensa=Xei=pXiCU6r8KsXLkgWr74CADwved=0CFYQ6AEwBA#v=onepageq=Strategic Human resource Management: a Guide to actionf=false Brewster, C. and Mayrhofer, W. (2012). Handbook of Research on Comparative Human Resource Management, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Inc Farooq, S. (2013). Strategic Human Resource Management – High Performance Work System. Retrieved from http://gemconsulting.wordpress.com/2013/04/27/strategic-human-resource-management-high-performance-work-systems/ Human Resources Institute of New Zealand. (2011). Performance Appraisals and 360 Degree Feedback. Retrieved from http://www.hrinz.org.nz/Site/Resources/Knowledge_Base/I-P/performance_appraisals.aspx Kumar, N. (2011). The Influence of Organisational and Human Resource Management Strategies on Performance. Retrieved from http://www.performancexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Vol45_04_18.pdf McGrath, R. (1996). ‘Improving Labour Productivity: Human Resource Management Policies do Matter’, Strategic Management Journal 17(5): 335-354 McNamara, C. (n.d.). Employee Benefits and Compensation (Employee Pay). Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/payandbenefits/index.htm?PHPSESSID=900e2200ce5dd66bf5c5a7252da24633 Righeimer, J. (n.d.). Aligning Human Resources Strategic Plans. Retrieved from http://www.maverickec.com/index_files/Aligning HR Strategy epulse.pdf The WritePass Journal. (2014). How can HRM Practices Influence Employee Commitment and Overcome High Employee Turnover. Retrieved from http://writepass.com/journal/2012/12/how-can-hrm-practices-influence-employee-commitment-and-overcome-high-employee-turnover/ Victoria University Wellington (VUW) Career Development and Employment. (2010). Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations. Retrieved from http://www.victoria.ac.nz/st_services/careers/resources/career_publications/career_view/hrm_and_ir.pdf 1

Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14-Year-Olds

The eclectic paradigm is a theory in economics and is also known as the OLI-Model or OLI-Framework. [1][2] It is a further development of the theory of internalization and published by John H. Dunning in 1980. [3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](exis tence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs.The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies.The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation adva ntages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImportsThe eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country's resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emp hasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter's diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing.The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are neces sary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity.

Alienation and Isolation in The Metamorphosis Essay

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka is a reflection on how alienation and isolation begin and develop in a society by employing the characters in his novella as a representation of society as a whole. Using Gregor’s manager to demonstrate the initiation of isolation and alienation of a person, Gregor as the person being isolated and the inhabitants of the Samsa household as the other members of society, Kafka creates an effective model to represent the hierarchically structured effect of isolationism and alienation in society on a larger scale. Kafka uses the company Gregor is forced to work for to illustrate the hierarchical effect of isolation and alienation, where the initiation of isolationism begins at the top of the hierarchy and thus creates a ripple effect down through the rest of society. The manager of the company that Gregor must work for due to a family debt is the representative Kafka chooses to demonstrate the most important person in the hierarchy. By waking up as an insect and being late for work, Gregor has broken his conformity to the parameters of what is tolerated by the company, so the manager himself comes to deal with the issue since such circumstances can â€Å"only be entrusted to the intelligence of the manager† (Kafka, 13). This, as well as how the family treats the manager as nicely as possible when he arrives demonstrates the importance of the manager’s decisions and their respect for authority. Further demonstrating the importance of his decisions, the manager is the first to react to Gregor’s transformation by threatening, â€Å"your position is not at all the most secure† (17) when Gregor will not open his door. This shows that he has the ability to completely disrupt Gregor’s place in the hierarchy and in doing so, isolate and alienate him from the rest of society. The manager remarks, â€Å"that was an animal’s voice† (20) when Gregor speaks, which alienates Gregor from humanity and reacts strongly to the sight of Gregor by â€Å"pressing his hand against his open mouth and moving back slowly† (23). After firing Gregor, the manager flees the building which causes the initiation of Gregor’s isolation since work was the most important and most time consuming thing in his life. This shows that as with society in general, the person in charge holds tremendous influence over the rest of the population and is capable of initiat ing the idea that a person must be isolated. Just because the figure in power decrees that a person is not a good member of society and should be isolated, however, does not mean that all members of society react the same way. the spectrum of views that members of society take against those who have been isolated is shown through Kafka’s portrayal of the Samsa family’s reaction to his transformation. Gregor’s father represents those who respect authority and immediately agree with those higher in the hierarchy and unquestioningly aid in the isolation process. He wears a â€Å"blue uniform with gold buttons† (62) even when he is at home, asleep on a chair in the living room which demonstrates the value he places on the system. This is also illustrated as soon as the manager reacts to Gregor’s deviation from normal when Mr. Samsa begins to â€Å"drive Gregor back into his room by waving the cane and the newspaper† (29). Other members of the family, however, react differently to the situat ion. Grete is the closest to Gregor and is the most sympathetic to him immediately after his transformation by placing milk in his room, which â€Å"was his favourite drink and which his sister had currently placed there for that reason† (34). Her reaction to Gregor’s isolation demonstrates the opposite of Mr. Samsa’s by being as considerate as he is forceful in Gregor’s alienation. Her relationship with Gregor demonstrates how in society, those who know the person being isolated before its initiation are most likely to resist helping to enforce the isolation. However, Kafka understands that people are very dynamic and often change their opinions. Grete undergoes a change in perspective to such a degree that by the end of the novella it is she who declares, â€Å"we must get rid of it† (84). This change in perspective shows how Kafka believes that members of society often stop sympathizing with the isolated group when it becomes inconvenient for them to continue doing so. Gregor’s mother reacts in an initial manner somewhere between the father and sister since when first seeing him she â€Å"went two steps toward Gregor and collapsed right in the middle of her skirts† (23). These conflicting desires continue through the novella, such as when Mr. Samsa tries to kill Gregor, â€Å"she begged him to spare Gregor’s life† (65) but at the same time she is repulsed by him. This illustrates how she wants to help him and tries to think of him the same way she did before his transformation, yet is unable to. This resembles the idealists in society who theoretically support the alienated person but often succumb to social pressures when they are forced to face the problem. These three reactions to Gregor’s transformation as a result of the initiation of his isolation by the manager demonstrate the spectrum of reactions. From the immediate acceptance of the hierarchy represented by Mr. Samsa, to the true compassion of Grete and the idealism of Mrs. Samsa, Kafka shows how a wide variety of reactions is expected from society, and how people often change their opinions. Similarly to how social pressures affect his mother, Gregor is also convinced through his respect for authority that he deserves the isolation enforced on him by society. He believes those above him in the hierarchy to such an extent that he eventually reaches the conclusion that he would be better off dead that to have his family suffering because of his presence. Like his father, Gregor has a strong respect for authority and served in the military until his father, who is an authoritative figure in his life, needed financial help so he became â€Å"almost overnight, a traveling salesman, who naturally had entirely different possibilities for earning money (†¦) which could be set out on the table at home in front of his astonished and delighted family† (43). Gregor’s decision to help his family pay off their debt without thinking of the effect it would have on his own happiness or considering refusing shows how firmly he is entrenched in the hierarchical system. The belief that authoritative figures are always correct leads him to think that since society dictates that he is worthless and deserves isolation, he would be better off dead than a burden to society. This is shown after Grete and Mr. Samsa decide that they want him gone, but Gregor’s â€Å"own thought that he had to disappear was, if possible, even more decisive than his sisters† (89). He overhears his family bemoaning their misfortune and since they are above him on the hierarchical structure, Gregor believes that he has to die in order to spare them the trouble of having to deal with him. This illustrates how Kafka believes that society is so dependent on a hierarchical structure and the guidance from authoritative figures that they cannot think for themselves and even the person who is isolated may still respect and follow those higher in the hierarchy. This is the final step in the transmission of an idea through a social hierarchy whereby everyone believes that a person is lesser and should not exist, including the alienated person themselves. The Metamorphosis comes together to show the hierarchical pattern Kafka believes a society follows in regard to isolation and alienation. He uses the manager of the company Gregor works for to model the instigation of isolationism, which in society is determined by the most important person in the hierarchy. Gregor’s family represents society as a whole and is used to illustrate the variety of reactions the people in society after they are told who to alienate. These reactions range from immediate, unquestioning agreement with those higher in the hierarchy, to idealistically supporting the isolated person, to sympathizing with and trying to help the alienated person. He also uses Grete to demonstrate the dynamic state of human reactions, by changing from sympathetic and caring to vicious and unsupportive by the end of the novella. Kafka continues this shaping of society from the hierarchical structure by causing Gregor himself to agree with the authoritative figures in his life and conform to the idea that he is worthless, thus imposing self-isolation. the interactions between the characters in The Metamorphosis show how Kafka believes that the isolation and alienation of a person in society is initiated by those at the top of the social hierarchy and works its way down through the hierarchy until eventually everyone in society has been influenced to accept the initial decision of one person. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Trans. Ian Johnstone. Nanaimo: Malaspina University-College, 1999.

Christian Science - 1989 Words

â€Å"There is no life, truth, intelligence, nor substance in matter. All is infinite Mind and its infinite manifestation, for God is All-in-all. Spirit is immortal Truth; matter is mortal error. Spirit is the real and eternal; matter is the unreal and temporal. Spirit is God, and man is His image and likeness. Therefore man is not material; he is spiritual.† (SH 468) â€Å"Christian Science founder, Mary Baker Eddy was born in Bow, New Hampshire, in 1821. Her parents were devout Christians and she joined a Congregational Church at age 17. She was chronically sick growing up with many ailments including paralysis, hysteria, seizures and convulsions. At 22, she married her first of three husbands, George Glover, who died within 6 months from†¦show more content†¦Principia is a pre-school-college that is located in the St Louis area for Christian Scientists and many families have moved their so their children can attend. Boston is the home of The Mother Church and The Christian Science Monitor amongst others and so many people live and work in that area. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_demographics_of_christian_science_people_in_ame rica ) Christian Scientists refer to God as Father-Mother rather than the biblical Father. Though unconventional, this is not a major departure from mainstream Christianity, since God is believed to encompass both male and female (both were created in the image of God). Christian Science teaches that Jesus is divine but not God, and that Jesus human nature is a separate entity from the divine Christ. Jesus Christ is not God, as Jesus himself declared, but is the Son of God (Science and Health, 361:12-13). Jesus is the name of the man who, more than all other men, has presented Christ, the true idea of God, healing the sick and sinning and destroying the power of death (Science and Health, 473:10-17). 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